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    Meningitis

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    Muskan Bhandari
    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious type and requires immediate medical care to prevent permanent brain damage or death. Common symptoms include fever, neck stiffness, headache, and confusion. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care to manage symptoms and reduce pressure in the brain.

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    Meningitis

    Uploaded by

    Muskan Bhandari
    8 views15 pages
    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious type and requires immediate medical care to prevent permanent brain damage or death. Common symptoms include fever, neck stiffness, headache, and confusion. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care to manage symptoms and reduce pressure in the brain.

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    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious type and requires immediate medical care to prevent permanent brain damage or death. Common symptoms include fever, neck stiffness, headache, and confusion. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care to manage symptoms and reduce pressure in the brain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views15 pages

    Meningitis

    Uploaded by

    Muskan Bhandari
    Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial meningitis is the most serious type and requires immediate medical care to prevent permanent brain damage or death. Common symptoms include fever, neck stiffness, headache, and confusion. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care to manage symptoms and reduce pressure in the brain.

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    MENINGITIS

    Submitted By: Mehak


    Roll No: 33
    Class: BSC NURSING 3rd Year
    DEFINITION
    • Meningitis (from Greek meninx,
    “membrane”) is an acute
    inflammation of the ,meninges.

    • Caused by either bacteria virus.


    ETIOLOGY
    Bacterial Infections Inflammatory Diseases
    Cancer
    Viral infections Trauma to head or
    Fungal infections spine
    BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
    • Also known an septic meningitis.
    • Extremely serious that requires immediate
    care.
    • Can lead to permanent damage of brain or
    disability and death.
    • Spreads by: coughing or sneezing
    TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS
    • Tb meningitis is caused by Mycobacterium
    tuberculi.
    • Infection with this bacterium begins usually in
    the lungs.
    • 1-2% of cases the bacteria travel via the
    bloodstream.
    • Unlike other types of meningitis its progresses
    very slowly and symptoms are vague.
    VIRAL MENINGITIS
    • Also known as aseptic meningitis.
    • More common than bacterial form and usually
    less serious.
    • Less likely to have permanent brain damage
    after the infection resolves.
    • Treatment: No specific treatment available.
    • Most patients recover completely on their
    own.
    FUNGAL MENINGITIS

    • It is much less common than the other two


    infections.
    • It is rare in healthy people but it is more likely
    in persons who have impaired immune
    system.
    CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
    INFANTS :
    • Fever, possibly with cold hands & feet.
    • Reusing feeds or vomiting.
    • High pitched moaning cry or whimpering.
    • Dislike of being handled or fretful.
    • Neck retraction with arching of black.
    • Blank & staring expression.
    • Child is difficult expression
    • Child is difficult to wake, lethargic.
    • Pale, blotchy complexion.
    KERIG’S SIGN
    • Severe stiffness of the hamstrings causes an
    inability to straighten the leg when the hip is
    flexed to 90 degrees.
    BRUDZINKI’S SIGN
    • Severe neck stiffness causes a patient’s hips
    and knees to flex when the neck is flexed.
    DIAGONISIS
    Lumber puncture shows elevated pressure.

    CSF is cloudy or milky.

    WBC is raised.

    MRI Reveals hydrocephalus.


    MANAGEMENT
    SPECIFIC TREATMENT

    Penicillin with third generation cephalosporin.

    Vancomcin with third generation cephalosporin, if penicillin


    resistance is suspected

    Cefotaxine/ceftriaxone with aminoglycosides.


    MANAGEMENT
    SYMPTOMATIS TREATMENT:
    • Seizure Management
    Phenobarbitone 10mg (IV)

    Dilantin 7mg/body weight

    •Management of increased intracranial pressure

    Mannitol

    Frusemide
    MANAGEMENT
    SUPPORTIVE CARE

    Administer IV fluids

    Monitoring of neurological status

    Patient with septic shock require vasoactive drugs like


    epinephrine and dopamine
    THANK YOU

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