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    Applications of Esterification

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    Zia Ur Rehman Hashmi
    This document discusses esters, including their derivation from carboxylic acids, chemical properties like hydrolysis, reactions with phosphorus pentachloride, physical properties, applications, natural occurrences, and uses. Esters are used as solvents, in perfumes, foods, and plastics. Phthalate esters specifically are used as plasticizers to increase flexibility in polyvinyl chloride plastics.

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    Applications of Esterification

    Uploaded by

    Zia Ur Rehman Hashmi
    333 views13 pages
    This document discusses esters, including their derivation from carboxylic acids, chemical properties like hydrolysis, reactions with phosphorus pentachloride, physical properties, applications, natural occurrences, and uses. Esters are used as solvents, in perfumes, foods, and plastics. Phthalate esters specifically are used as plasticizers to increase flexibility in polyvinyl chloride plastics.

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    This document discusses esters, including their derivation from carboxylic acids, chemical properties like hydrolysis, reactions with phosphorus pentachloride, physical properties, applications, natural occurrences, and uses. Esters are used as solvents, in perfumes, foods, and plastics. Phthalate esters specifically are used as plasticizers to increase flexibility in polyvinyl chloride plastics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    333 views13 pages

    Applications of Esterification

    Uploaded by

    Zia Ur Rehman Hashmi
    This document discusses esters, including their derivation from carboxylic acids, chemical properties like hydrolysis, reactions with phosphorus pentachloride, physical properties, applications, natural occurrences, and uses. Esters are used as solvents, in perfumes, foods, and plastics. Phthalate esters specifically are used as plasticizers to increase flexibility in polyvinyl chloride plastics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Application, Properties ,Natural

    occurrence of esters

    Presented by:
    Aslam (2017-CH-702)
    ESTERIFICATION

    Esters are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic


    acid contains the -COOH group, and in an ester the
    hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon
    group of some kind.
    Chemical Properties

     Hydrolysis:
    Esters are Hydrolysed by acid or alkleis to from
    alcohols and acids
    or there sodium salts
    E.X: ethyle acetate is hydrolysed as under
    Raction with Phospherous Pentachloride

    Phospherous Pentachloride reacts with esters to


    produce acid chloride and alkyl chlorides.

    CH3COOC2H5 + PCL5 CH3COCL + C2H5CL +POCL3


    Physical Properties of Ester

     Esters are covalent compounds which are only


    sparingly soluble in water.
     Esters are usually volatile, pleasant smelling liquid.
     Esters are neutral towards litmus
     Esters are colorless natural liquids.
    Application of Esterification

    Esters are used as an organic solvents.


     In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol
    and fatty acids.
    Several billion kilograms of polyesters are produced
    industrially annually, important products being polyethylene
    terephthalate, acrylate esters, and cellulose acetate
    Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their
    explosive properties.
    Polyesters are used to make plastics.
    Natural occurrence of Esters

    Esters that are have fragrant odors are used as a constituent of


    perfumes, essential oils, food flavorings, cosmetics, etc.
    Ester Name Odor or Flavour

    Allyl hexanoate, Ethyl butyrate Pineapple

    Methyl transcinnamate Strawberry

    Butyl acetate Apple

    Propyl acetate Pear

    Ethyl butyrate Apricot


    Uses of ethyl acetat

    Ethyl acetate is used primarily as a solvent and diluent, being


    favored because of its low cost, low toxicity, and
     agreeable odor.
     it is commonly used to clean circuit boards and in some
     nail varnish removers.
     Coffee beans and tea leaves are decaffeinated with this
     solvent.
     Ethyl acetate is present in confectionery, perfumes, and
     fruits.
     In perfumes, it evaporates quickly, leaving only the scentof the
    perfume on the skin.
    Laboratory uses

     In the laboratory, mixtures containing ethyl acetate are


    commonly used in column chromatography and extractions.
     Ethyl acetate is rarely selected as a reaction solvent because it is
    prone to hydrolysis and transesterification
     Ethyl acetate is fairly volatile at room temperature and has a
    boiling point of 77 °C (171 °F).Hence, it can be removedfrom a
    sample by heating in a hot water bath and providingventilation with
    compressed air.
    Ester uses in plastic industry

    • Phthalate esters or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) have


    been widely used in plastic manufacturing since
    the 1930s to act as an additive, which gives flexibility
    to vinyl resins.
    Manufacture of Phthalate esters

    • Phthalate esters are prepared by the esterification of


    phthalic anhydride with two molar equivalents of an
    alcohol or an alcohol blend. Although almost any
    alcohol can be used to make a phthalate ester, it is
    usually only the esters of the C6 to C13 alcohols that
    are useful as PVC plasticizers.
    Uses of Phthalate esters

    They are mainly used as plasticizers, i.e.


    substances added to plastics to increase their
    flexibility, transparency.
    Durability, and longevity.
    They are used primarily to soften polyvinyl chloride
    (PVC).

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