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    FGHJ

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    Genelle Mae Madrigal
    The document discusses statistical tools used in evaluation, including measures of central tendency like mean, median and mode, and measures of variability like range, standard deviation and variance. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating these statistical measures and includes an example calculation of standard deviation.

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    FGHJ

    Uploaded by

    Genelle Mae Madrigal
    57 views16 pages
    The document discusses statistical tools used in evaluation, including measures of central tendency like mean, median and mode, and measures of variability like range, standard deviation and variance. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating these statistical measures and includes an example calculation of standard deviation.

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    fghj

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    The document discusses statistical tools used in evaluation, including measures of central tendency like mean, median and mode, and measures of variability like range, standard deviation and variance. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating these statistical measures and includes an example calculation of standard deviation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    57 views16 pages

    FGHJ

    Uploaded by

    Genelle Mae Madrigal
    The document discusses statistical tools used in evaluation, including measures of central tendency like mean, median and mode, and measures of variability like range, standard deviation and variance. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating these statistical measures and includes an example calculation of standard deviation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    SHOWTIME!

    STATISTICAL TOOLS IN
    EVALUATION

    DESCRIPTIVE VALUES

    MEASURES OF VARIABILITY
    MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
    • WHEN THE GRAPH OF THE SCORES IS A NORMAL
    CURVE, THE MODE, MEDIAN, AND MEAN ARE EQUAL
    • THE MEAN IS THE MOST COMMON MEASURE OF
    CENTRAL TENDENCY
    • WHEN THE SCORES ARE QUITE SKEWED OR THE
    DATA IS ORDINAL LACKING A COMMON INTERVAL,
    THE MEDIAN IS A BETTER MEASURE OF CENTRAL
    TENDENCY
    • THE MODE IS USED ONLY WHEN THE MEAN OR
    MEDIAN CANNOT BE CALCULATED (E.G., NOMINAL
    DATA) OR WHEN THE ONLY INFORMATION WANTED
    IS THE MOT FREQUENT SCORE (E.G., MOST UNIFORM
    SIZE OR INJURY SITE)
    MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

    • DESCRIBES THE SET OF SCORES IN


    TERMS OF THEIR SPREAD, OR
    HETEROGENEITY
    • CONSIDER TWO GROUPS OF SCORES
    GROUP 1 = 9, 5, 1; GROUP 2 = 5, 6, 4
    • BOTH HAVE A MEAN AND MEDIAN OF 5
    BUT GROUP 2 HAS MUCH MORE
    HOMOGENEOUS OR SIMILAR SCORES
    THAN GROUP 1
    MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

    • RANGE

    • STANDARD DEVIATION

    • VARIANCE
    RANGE
    • EASIEST MEASURE OF
    VARIABILITY TO CALCULATE
    • USED WHEN THE MEASURE OF
    CENTRAL TENDENCY IS THE MODE
    (NOMINAL DATA OR WHEN THE
    MOST FREQUENT SCORE IS OF
    INTEREST) OR MEDIAN (ORDINAL
    DATA OR SKEWED DATA)
    • SIMPLY THE DIFFERENCE
    BETWEEN THE HIGHEST AND
    LOWEST SCORES
    WHAT IS THE RANGE IN THE SET OF
    SCORES BELOW?
    • SET OF SCORES:
    7, 2, 7, 6, 5, 6, 2

    RANGE = HIGHEST SCORE MINUS


    LOWEST SCORE = 7 - 2 = 5
    STANDARD DEVIATION (S)
    • MEASURE OF VARIABILITY USED WITH
    THE MEAN (NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED
    INTERVAL OR RATIO DATA)
    • INDICATES THE AMOUNT THAT ALL
    SCORES DIFFER OR DEVIATE FROM THE
    MEAN
    • THE MORE THE SCORES DIFFER FROM
    THE MEAN, THE HIGHER THE
    STANDARD DEVIATION (S)
    • SUM OF THE DEVIATIONS OF SCORES
    FROM THE MEAN IS ALWAYS IS 0
    DEFINITIONAL FORMULA FOR
    STANDARD DEVIATION
    • FORMULA 2.1 SHOULD BE
    USED IF THE GROUP TESTED
    IS VIEWED AS THE GROUP OF
    INTEREST; CONSIDERED
    THEN THE POPULATION (E.G.,
    CALCULATING STANDARD
    DEVIATION OF THE TEST
    SCORES ON EXAM #1 IN THIS
    CLASS)
    • X = SCORES
    • BAR X = MEAN OF SCORES
    • N = NUMBER OF SCORES
    • MANY CALCULATORS USE
    THIS FORMULA
    DEFINITIONAL FORMULA FOR
    STANDARD DEVIATION
    • FORMULA 2.2 SHOULD BE USED IF
    THE GROUP TESTED IS VIEWED AS A
    REPRESETATIVE PART OF THE
    POPULATION; CONSIDERED THEN A
    SAMPLE
    • STANDARD DEVIATION CALCULATED
    ON THE SAMPLE IS USED AS AN
    ESTIMATE OF THE POPULATION
    STANDARD DEVIATION (E.G.,
    CALCULATION OF THE STANDARD
    DEVIATION OF THE PERCENT BODY
    FAT OF COLLEGE RUNNERS THAT IS
    USED AS AN ESTIMATION OF THE
    STANDARD DEVIATION OF ALL
    COLLEGE RUNNERS)
    • X = SCORES
    • BAR X = MEAN OF SCORES
    • N = NUMBER OF SCORES
    • MANY CALCULATORS AND MOST
    COMPUTER PROGRAMS USE THIS
    FORMULA
    SAMPLE CALCULATION OF THE STANDARD
    DEVIATION USING FORMULA 2.1 AND 2.2 AND
    THE FOLLOWING TESTS SCORES: 7, 2, 7, 6, 5, 6, 2
    CALCULATIONAL FORMULA FOR
    STANDARD DEVIATION
    • FORMULA 2.3 SHOULD BE
    USED IF THE GROUP TESTED
    IS VIEWED AS THE GROUP OF
    INTEREST; CONSIDERED
    THEN THE POPULATION (E.G.,
    CALCULATING STANDARD
    DEVIATION OF THE 50-M
    SWIM TIMES AT A SWIM
    MEET )

    • X = SCORES
    • N = NUMBER OF SCORES
    • FORMULA TYPICALLY USED
    FOR HAND CALCULATION
    CALCULATIONAL FORMULA FOR
    STANDARD DEVIATION
    • FORMULA 2.4 SHOULD BE USED IF
    THE GROUP TESTED IS VIEWED AS A
    REPRESETATIVE PART OF THE
    POPULATION; CONSIDERED THEN A
    SAMPLE
    • STANDARD DEVIATION CALCULATED
    ON THE SAMPLE IS USED AS AN
    ESTIMATE OF THE POPULATION
    STANDARD DEVIATION (E.G.,
    CALCULATION OF THE STANDARD
    DEVIATION OF THE 40-YARD TIME OF
    COLLEGE WIDE RECEIVERS THAT IS
    USED AS AN ESTIMATION OF THE
    STANDARD DEVIATION OF ALL
    COLLEGE WIDE RECEIVERS)
    • X = SCORES
    • N = NUMBER OF SCORES
    • FORUMULA TYPICALLY USED FOR
    HAND CALCULATION
    SAMPLE CALCULATION OF THE STANDARD
    DEVIATION USING FORMULA 2.3 AND 2.4 AND THE
    FOLLOWING TESTS SCORES: 7, 2, 7, 6, 5, 6, 2
    VARIANCE
    • USEFUL STATISTIC IN CERTAIN
    HIGH LEVEL STATISTICAL
    PROCEDURES LIKE REGRESSION
    ANALYSIS AND ANALYSIS OF
    VARIANCE (ANOVA)
    • CALCULATED BY SQUARING THE
    STANDARD DEVIATION (S2)
    • STANDARD DEVIATION = S = 4
    • VARIANCE = S2 = 42 = 16
    QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS??

    THANK YOU!!

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