QSC PCB Presentation

PCB Design Presentation
Dr. Eng Mohamed zied chaari

IEEE Senior member
Mohamed.zied@qsc.org.qa/chaari_zied@ieee.org 1
What is a PCB?
A Mechanical Solution to an Electrical Problem
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What is PCB
• Printed Circuit Board

• Electronic Board that connects circuit components
• PCB populated with electronic components is a printed
circuit assembly (PCA)
• PCBs are rugged, inexpensive, and can be highly
reliable
• Mass manufacturing
• Professional
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Materials of PCB
• Conducting layers are typically made of thin copper foil.

• The board is typically coated with a solder mask that is
green in color. Other colors that are normally available
are blue and red.
• Unwanted copper is removed from the substrate after
etching leaving only the desired copper traces or
pathways
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Parts of a PCB
1. Components
2. Pads
3. Traces
4. Vias
5. Top Metal Layer
6. Bottom Metal Layer
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Components
• Components are the actual devices used in the

circuit.
• This includes input/output connections.
• I/O ports, including power supply connections, are
also important in the PCB design.
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Pads
• Location that components connect to.

• You will solder components to the pads on the PCB.
• Pads will connect to traces.
• Pads have an inner diameter and outer diameter.
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Traces
• Traces connect pads together.

• Traces are essentially the wiring of the PCB.
• Equivalent to wire for conducting signals
• Traces sometimes connect to vias.
• High current traces should be wide.
• Signal traces usually narrower than power or ground
traces
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Vias
• Pad with a plated hole connecting traces from one

layer of board to other layers.
• Attempt to minimize via use in your PCBs.
• Some component leads can be used as vias.
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Top Metal Layer
• Most of the components reside on

the top layer
• Fewer traces on the top layer
• Components are soldered to the
pads on the top layer of PCB
• Higher circuit densities
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Bottom Metal Layer
• Few components on this layer.

• Many traces on this layer.
• Most soldering done on this layer.
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Jumpers
• Often, many signal wires need to exist in too small of a space
and must overlap.
• Running traces on different PCB layers is an option.
• Multilayer PCBs are often expensive.
• Solution: use jumpers
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Solder Mask
• Protect copper traces on outer layers from corrosion
• Areas that shouldn't be soldered may be covered with
polymer resist solder mask coating
• Designed to keep solder only in certain areas
• Prevents solder form binding between conductors and
thereby creating short circuits
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Silkscreen
• Printing on the solder mask to designate component locations

• Readable information about component part numbers and
placement.
• Helpful in assembling, testing and servicing the circuit board.
15
Multilayer PCBs
• More then a top and bottom layer.

• Typically there will be a power plane, ground plane, top layer,
and bottom layer.
• Sometimes signal layers are added as needed.
• Sometimes RF planes made of more expensive materials are
added.
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Layer PCB cross section
Track
Pad
Insulator
(e.g. Fiberglass Via
laminate) 17
Physical Design Issues
• Component Size
• Heat Dissipation
• Input and Output
• Mounting Points
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Building a circuit
• The circuit that you’re going to build is an inverting integrator.

Component Size
• Make sure components will actually fit.

• This especially applies for circuits that require high
component densities.
• Some components come in multiple sizes. SMT vs Through
Hole
• Sometimes you can get tall and narrow caps or short and
wide capacitors.
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Pre-work
• Thoroughly simulate your
circuit-make sure the circuit
worked in simulations
• Thoroughly test the prototype-
make sure the circuit worked
on the bread board
• Have all the data sheets handy
for every components
• Play around with the placement
of the components
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Simulations
• Important to simulate the circuits before building them
• Allow margin for component tolerances
• Avoid using precise components. e.g a PWM controller that requires
exact 10 V DC to work and will fail if there is 10.01V
• High performance circuits or SMT devices require PCBs and should be
simulated extensively first.
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Schematic Capture
Creating a New Schematic
• File -> New ->

Schematic
• Save it right away.
• Don’t worry about
creating a Board just
yet.
• Keep the 100-mil grid.
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Schematic Capture
Adding Components
• Click the Add icon

• Find the component in
the library
• Set values
• Don’t see the library?
Try Use -> Library
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Schematic Capture
Adding Global Symbols
• Click the Add icon

• Find the global symbol
in the library (supply1)
• Place as if it were a
component
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Schematic Capture
Adding Traces (aka Wires)
• Click the Wire

icon
• Have at it!
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Schematic Capture
Some General Tips
• Avoid changing the grid unless absolutely necessary.
• Free Eagle version does not allow “sheets”.
• Free Eagle version requires that schematic drives the
layout ... not vice-versa.
• Groups, Info, and Layers icons are useful.
• Pan, zoom, niceties easy to use.
• Really care about that “net”? Label it.
• Keep it clean - don’t be lazy.
• Document!
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Place Components
But before you do ...
• Passives - 0805 means 0.08” by 0.05”

• Connectors - beware of physical fit
• Actives - lots of packaging alternatives
• Give thought to testability and troubleshooting
Thru-Hole (TH) Surface Mount (SMT)
DIP LQFP, QFP, TQFP QFN BGA
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Adding parts to the
Schematic (cont.)
• Repeat the adding process to

place the following parts into
the schematic:
• 4x resistors (SparkFun-resistors
library, 1 kOhm – Axial-0.3)
• 2x connectors (SparkFun-
connectors library, CONN_1,
CONN_1)
• Use the Net button to
draw connections
• Your schematic should look
like the picture to the right
Naming objects
• The name button is used to

give name to objects to make
the schematic less confusing
for other people to read.
• It’s also useful for naming
electrical connections so that
the schematic is less cluttered
as well.
• Let’s do this for our schematic
• Use the name button to name
the four connections like in
the schematic to the right
Naming Connections
• Connections, or nets, can also be named.
• If nets have the same name, they are considered
by EAGLE to be connected even if they’re not.
• Let’s try this for the schematic
• Name all of the connections going to ground
as GND
• A warning should pop up saying if you want
to connect the two connections. Click yes.
The schematic should look like the picture to the right.

Even though the connections that are labeled GND are
separate, because they are named the same, EAGLE
connects them for you. This wouldn’t be necessary for a
simple circuit like this, but for more complex and advanced
circuits, it comes in handy to prevent traces from being
drawn all over the screen.
Board View
• Now that the

schematic is complete,
we’ll switch over to the
board view. Click the
switch board button
• EAGLE will ask if you
want to create the
board from the
schematic. Click yes.
• This takes you to the
board layout view.
Board View (cont.)
• Click and drag the components

into the large black rectangle.
There’s no real guideline on
how parts should be placed, but
as a general rules the
connection lines should be as
straight as possible.
• When all components have
been placed, click on the
outline of the black rectangle to
reduce the size since this is your
board outline. Generally, your
PCBs should be as small as
possible.
• Your schematic may look like
the sample to the right.
Adding a ground plane
(optional but strongly
recommended)
• It’s recommended that you use the

bottom of the PCB to use as a ground
plane
• To do this, use the Polygon tool
(making sure that the bottom layer is
selected) and draw a rectangle around
the board.
• When the rectangle is created, the
outline changes to a dashed line.
• Right click the dashed line and select
Name
• For the name, put GND (or whatever
you call your ground net)
• Click the Ratsnest button
• The rectangle should change into a
filled rectangle within your board
• The ground plane has been made
Routing traces
• Routing traces can be

done manually by
clicking the trace button
• Select either top or
bottom layer and point
and click to lay traces.
• You can also use the
Autorouter tool to have
EAGLE place the traces
• If using the autorouter,
be sure to load the
design rule file before
running the autorouter
(see next slide).
Create Gerber Files
• Download http://www.pcbexpress.com/downloads/Sunstone-EagleCam.zip
• Use instructions at:
http://www.pcbexpress.com/downloads/EAGLE%20Convert-
Sunstone%20Protos.pdf
• Open your board
• Click on ULP then select “drillcfg.ulp”
• Click on CAM then select “excellon.cam”
• Click on CAM then select “xLPlus-Sunstone.cam"
• x = number of layers
• Note which layers you want for each file
• Dimension layer (20) should be selected in all files
• Important: always check your Gerber files afterwards
• Free viewer: http://www.pentalogix.com/download/viewmate9_825.exe
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Create Gerber Files
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Send files to PCB Express
• Outline: .oln
• Drill hole locations/size: .drd/.drl
• Copper layers: .l1, .l2, .l3, .l4
• Top/bottom solder mask: .smt/.smb
• Top/bottom silkscreen: .slk/.slb
• Top/bottom soldering stencils: .tps/.bps
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Thank you
Dr. Eng Mohamed zied chaari
IEEE Senior member
Mohamed.zied@qsc.org.qa

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PCB Design Presentation

Dr. Eng Mohamed zied chaari

• Printed Circuit Board

• Conducting layers are typically made of thin copper foil.

• Components are the actual devices used in the

• Location that components connect to.

• Traces connect pads together.

• Pad with a plated hole connecting traces from one

• Most of the components reside on

• Few components on this layer.

• Printing on the solder mask to designate component locations

• More then a top and bottom layer.

• The circuit that you’re going to build is an inverting integrator.

• Make sure components will actually fit.

• File -> New ->

• Click the Add icon

• Click the Add icon

• Click the Wire

• Passives - 0805 means 0.08” by 0.05”

Thru-Hole (TH) Surface Mount (SMT)

DIP LQFP, QFP, TQFP QFN BGA

• Repeat the adding process to

• The name button is used to

The schematic should look like the picture to the right.

• Now that the

• Click and drag the components

• It’s recommended that you use the

• Routing traces can be

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