Botls

Tension members
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝑭𝒚𝑨𝒈 (Gross Area)

𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝑭𝒖𝑨𝒆 (Effective Net Area)
𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝑭𝒚𝑨𝒏 (For Pin Holes)
𝑨𝒆 = 𝑼𝑨𝒏
𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒆 𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
For connecting members:
𝑨𝒆 = 𝑨𝒏 but not exceeding 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝑨𝒈
Allowable Shearing Stress: 𝑭𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝑭𝒖
Allowable Bearing Stress; 𝑭𝒑 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟎𝑭𝒖
Allowable Tearing Stress: 𝑭𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝑭𝒖
A36 Steel: Fy = 36 ksi = 248 Mpa
Fu = 58 ksi = 400 MPa
A tension member is made up of 10 mm
thick plates, 225 mm wide by a lap joint
made with three rows of 20 mm bolts using
snug fit in drilled holes and arranged in the
pattern shown. The permissible stresses in
the bolts are 138 MPa for tension in the net
and gross section, 110 MPa for shear and
220 MPa door bearing. Assume diameter of
the holes equal to the diameter of bolt.
1. Determine the maximum permissible
tension on the plates?
2. Determine the efficiency of the joint

Tension Members with Staggered
Holes
𝒔𝟐ൗ (value to be added to the net

𝟒𝒈
width)
A staggered riveted connection has rivets
arranged as shown. Diameter of rivets is 34
mm. Diameter of holes is assumed to be 2
mm bigger than that of the rivet. 𝐹𝑦 =248
MPa.
1. Determine distance “b” so that the net
area in chain 1-2-3-4 is equal to the net
area of chain 1-2-4?
2. Using the computed value of “b”, solve
for the net area.
3. Determine the maximum tensile force P
that the riveted connection could carry if
the allowable tensile stress is 0.60𝐹𝑦 .
The bolts in the lap joint shown in the figure are
25 mm in diameter and has 27 mm diameter of
holes. The plates are A36 steel with Fy = 250 MPa
and Fu = 400 MPa. For this problem, use X1 = 60
mm, X2 = 170 mm, X3 = 60 mm and plate
thickness t = 16 mm
The allowable stresses are:

Tension on net area: Ft = 0.50 Fu
Shear on plates: Fv = 0.30 Fu
Shear strength of bolt: Fv = 210 MPa
1. Determine the value of load P based on
block shear.
ECCENTRICALLY LOADED BOLT
CONNECTIONS
Bolt reactions due to axial load:

𝑷𝒙 𝑷𝒚
𝑭𝒙 = 𝑭𝒚 =
𝒏 𝒏
𝑴𝒚 𝑴𝒙
𝑭𝒙 ′ = 𝑭𝒚 ′ =
𝑱 𝑱
Where,
෍ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
From the given bracket shown, which
consists of two plates riveted to the column
by 4-22 mm diameter rivets which is
subjected to an eccentric load of 150 kN.
1. Determine gives the shearing stress due to
axial loads only?
2. Determine the shearing stress due to
moment alone?
3. Determine the maximum shearing stress?
A riveted is subjected to a load P acting at
an angle of θ from the vertical. There are 4-
25 mmǾ rivets, two on each column flange
and two plates, one on each column
flange.
Determine the maximum shear stress if P =
40kN, θ = 45°, b = 100 mm, a = 150 mm
and e = 250 mm
Determine the maximum value of P if e =
250 mm, θ = 45° and the allowable
shearing stress is 120 MPa
Determine the minimum eccentricity “e”
when P = 40 kN, θ = 45° and the allowable
shearing stress is 120 MPa.6
Welded Connections
Throat (Equal Leg)

𝑡 = 0.707𝑤
Throat (Unequal Leg)

𝑤ℎ
𝑡=
𝑤 2 +ℎ2
Materials Thickness of Minimum Size of Fillet
Thicker Part Joined Weld
To 6mm inclusive 3mm
Over 6mm to 12 mm •Minimum size of fillet welds

5mm
Over 12 mm 6mm
Over 20mm 8mm

Maximum size of fillet welds
Materials less than 6mm thick, not greater
than the thickness of the material.
Material 6mm or more in thickness, not
greater than the thickness of the material
minus 1.6 mm, unless the weld is especially
designated on the drawings to be built
out to obtain full throat thickness
Two steel plates, each 350mm wide and
12mm thick, are to be joined together by
welded lap splice, as shown in the figure.
The electrode used for the weld has a
normal tensile strength of 550MPa.
Determine the maximum weld size that
can be used.
Determine the effective net area of the
fillet weld using the maximum weld size
allowed by the code.
Determine the maximum load that can be
resisted by the weld using the maximum
weld size allowed by the code.
A double angle truss member shown in the
figure consists of two angles 125mm x 88m x
10mm thick with the 125mm side welded to
a gusset plate. The member is to carry a
total tensile force of 848kN. Using 6mm fillet
weld with E60 electrode. Determine the
length of each side fillet weld required for
balanced condition. All steels are A36 with
𝐹𝑦 = 250𝑀𝑃𝑎
A 100 x 100 x 10mm angle is to be welded to
a gusset plate as shown in the figure. The
angle carries a load of 185kN applied along
its centroidal axis. The maximum size of fillet
wled that can be used is 8mm and the
allowable shear stress of 94MPa. Determine
the lengths of the side fillet welds if a
transverse fillet weld is added at the end of
the angle.
A plate is lapped over and welded to a
gusset plate as shown in the figure.
Determine the maximum force per
millimeter of weld due to moment alone
acting at the centroid of the weld group.
Determine the maximum force per
millimeter of weld due to the given load.

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Tension members

𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝑭𝒚𝑨𝒈 (Gross Area)

2. Determine the efficiency of the joint

𝒔𝟐ൗ (value to be added to the net

The allowable stresses are:

Bolt reactions due to axial load:

Throat (Equal Leg)

Throat (Unequal Leg)

To 6mm inclusive 3mm

Over 6mm to 12 mm •Minimum size of fillet welds

Over 20mm 8mm

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