Assignment in Hydaraulics

Assignment No.
1
(DAMS, FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID FLOWS, FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT)
____________________________________ Engr. Lilian A.Lerios________

Name, Year & Section Instructor
____________________________________
____________________________________
Subject Date
(Identification)
1. A principle in flow measurement which states that, neglecting head loss the increase
in kinetic energy per unit weight is equal to the decrease in potential energy per unit
weight. __________________________________________
2. It is a graphical representation of the total energy of flow. _____________________
3. The hydraulic and energy gradients for a straight pipe and uniform diameter are
parallel with each other because of ________________________________________
4. It is the distance between the water surfaces of two reservoirs. _________________
5. It is the distance between the EGL and the HGL. ______________________________
6. The venture meter is used to measure the presence of flow in the pipe system, the
section of the pipe with the smallest pressure is the __________________________
7. The head lose in the nozzle is expressed in terms of __________________________
8. A hydrostatic law of liquid which states that the theoretical velocity of a jet of liquid
issuing out of orifice under a head h is equal to that acquired by the free falling body
dropping through a height h I known as ____________________________________
9. It is an overflow structure built across an open channel for the purpose of measuring
and controlling the flow ________________________________________________
10. A mechanical device which when installed in the pipe flow system will add energy to
the system. ___________________________________
11. A series of siphon pipes of uniform diameter are o draw water to irrigate the farm.
The pressure head at the summit of the siphon (considering the datum line at
discharge end & neglecting HL) is equal to __________________________________
12. In fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of
individual particles do not cross, the flow is said to be _________________________
13. In pipe flow, the horsepower of the pump can be computed as the function of
__________________________________
14. The vena contracta of sharp-edged hydraulic orifice usually occur
__________________________________
15. In a pilot tube, the point at the face of the tube facing the stream is called
__________________________________
16. The machine installed in the pipe that is used to convert the energy of flow into
mechanical work is ________________________________________
17. Type of weir where the discharge is expressed as Q = 8/15 /2g C tan θ/2 H^5/2 is
18. It is the increased pressure developed on impact with the Pitot tube as a result of
localized kinetic energy reduction to zero.
19. The type of weir for which the discharge varies linearly with the head.
20. It consist of a thin tube projecting into a tank having a length of about one diameter.
(PROBLEM SOLVING)
1. What is the theoretical velocity of flow in m/s through an orifice located 3.2 m below
the water surface?
2. A tank with water to a depth of 2.4 m is accelerated upward at a rate of 3 m/s. The
velocity of the discharge at the orifice 2 cm dia. Located at the bottom of the tank is:
3. Neglecting air resistance, determine to what height a vertical jet of water could rise
if projected with a projected with a velocity of 20 m/s.
4. An orifice located at the vertical side of the tank is 8 m from the level ground. How
long will it take for the water to reach the ground after opening the orifice?
5. A circular orifice is located 5 m below the water surface. If the tank is large and the
diameter of the orifice is 5 mm, calculate the discharge in cu.m/s. C= 0.60
6. Find the theoretical velocity generated by a 5-m hydraulic head.

7. The average velocity in a pipe flowing full of incompressible liquid is 3 m/s. After
passing through a conical section that reduces stream’s cross-sectional area to ¼ of
its previous value, the velocity in m/s after the conical section is:
8. What is the rate of flow of water in cu.m/s passing through a pipe with a diameter of
20 mm and speed of 0.5 m/s?
9. A closed conduit with 25 cm diameter pipe is connected to a 20 cm diameter pipe. If

the velocity at the second pipe is 4 m/s, what is the velocity of the first pipe?
10. A nozzle inclined at an angle of 60 degree with the horizontal issues of a 50-mm
diameter water jet at the rate of 10 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, what is the area
of the jet at the highest point of the projectile.
11. The static head corresponding to a flow velocity of 3 m/s is:
12. A closed conduit with 20 cm diameter pipe is connected to a 15 cm diameter pipe. If

the pressure head at the first pipe is 20 m, what is the pressure at pipe 2 carrying
water at a rate of 0.5 cu.m/s.
13. A town requires 1.5 cu.m/s of water for its water supply. Determine the diameter of
the pipe if the velocity is 2.5 m/s.
14. A water tank with diameter 3 m is filled with water. If the water level is 2.3 m above
a nozzle, what is the velocity of the water in m/s coming out of the nozzle? Neglect
losses.
15. A large square tank has a 200 mm diameter nozzle 5 m below the water level. What
is the pressure at a point 3 m below the water level?
(SITUATIONAL PROBLEM)
Problem 1. A calibration test of a 15 mm-diameter circular sharp-edged orifice in a vertical

side of a large tank showed a discharge of 1000 N of water in 81 seconds at a constant head
of 5 m. Measurement of the jet showed that it traveled 4 m horizontally while dropping 1m.
Determine:
16. The coefficient of discharge
17. The coefficient of velocity
18. The coefficient of contraction

(MATCHING TYPE)
COLUMN A
1. It is the amount of fluid passing through a section per unit of time.
2. This occurs when the amount of fluid passing a given cross-section is constant with
time.
3. Through the research of this man, it is possible to predict approximately the
characteristics of flow of any other fluid based on experiments on any particular fluid.
4. This occurs when the path of individual fluid particles are irregular and continuously
cross each other.
5. The energy possessed by the fluid by virtue of its position with respect to a datum
plane.
6. It is a converging tube attached to the end of a pipe or hose which serves to increase
the velocity of the issuing jet.
7. It is a bent L-shaped tube with both ends open, used for measuring the velocity of
liquids.
8. Neglecting head loss, the increase in kinetic energy is equal to the decrease in potential
energy.
9. The ability of the fluid mass to do work by virtue of its velocity.
10. The American engineer who invented the Venturi Meter.
11. Neglecting friction, the total head, or the total amount of energy per unit weight, is the
same at every point in the path of flow.
12. Converging path lines result in ____________ in each path line.
13. It is the rate at which work is done.
14. It extracts flow energy to do mechanical work which in turn converted into electrical
energy.
15. It is the graphical representation of the potential energy of flow.
COLUMN B
A. Pitot tube
B. Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem
C. Increased Velocity
D. Flow rate
E. Osborne Reynolds
F. Clemens Herschel
G. Steady Flow
H. Uniform Flow
I. Venturi Principle
J. Turbine
K. Turbulent Flow
L. Elevation Energy
M. Hydraulic Grade Line
N. Energy Grade Line
O. Nozzle
P. Power
Q. Kinetic Energy
R. Orifice
S. Laminar Flow
IV. DAM
A dam is triangular in cross-section with the upstream face vertical. Water is 8 m high. The
dam is 10 m high and 8m wide at the base and weighs 23.5 kN/m 3. The coefficient of friction
between the base and the foundation is 0.75. Consider hydrostatic uplift to vary uniformly
from full hydrostatic pressure at the heel to zero at the toe. Draw the figure of the dam with
the location of Rx, Ry,
Determine:
1. Rx
2. Ry
3. RM
4. OM
5. F.Ss
6. F.So
7.
8. E
9. Maximum unit pressure on the foundation
10. Minimum unit pressure on the foundation
11. Draw the base of the dam with the location of: e, maximum unit pressure on the
foundation, minimum unit pressure on the foundation

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Assignment No.

____________________________ Engr. Lilian A.Lerios

6. Find the theoretical velocity generated by a 5-m hydraulic head.

9. A closed conduit with 25 cm diameter pipe is connected to a 20 cm diameter pipe. If

11. The static head corresponding to a flow velocity of 3 m/s is:

12. A closed conduit with 20 cm diameter pipe is connected to a 15 cm diameter pipe. If

Problem 1. A calibration test of a 15 mm-diameter circular sharp-edged orifice in a vertical

16. The coefficient of discharge

17. The coefficient of velocity

18. The coefficient of contraction

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