R K Vishnoi
R K Vishnoi
Rajeev Vishnoi
THDC India Limited
CONTENTS
Overview of Tehri Dam Project
Special features of Dam
Construction Sequence of Tehri Dam
Construction Materials used in Dam
Planning for Hauling of Fill Material
Quality Control Aspects of Tehri dam
Conclusions
TEHRI
HYDRO POWER
COMPLEX (2400 MW)
KOTESHWAR DAM
FRL. EL. 612.5 M MIN.LEVEL EL. 606 M
SCHEMATIC VIEW OF TEHRI DAM PROJECT
Type : Rock and Earth fill
Height of dam : 260.5 m
Base : 1128 m
Width at top : 25.5 m
Length at the top : 575 m
Head : 220 M
Type : Conventional
Stilling Basin
Type
Max Discharge : 5500 cumecs
Width : 39.5m at top
50m at toe
Regulating Gates : Radial 15.5m
high/10.5m wide
Aerators : 3 nos on Glacis
Stilling Basin : 140 x 50 m
22m deep pool
55 m high walls
D/s River Bed : Protection by
Concrete Blocks
RIGHT BANK SHAFT SPILLWAYS
Head : 220 M
Type : Vertical Shafts
Nos : 2 (Un-gated)
Intakes : Funnel type (34m dia)
Discharge : 3900 cumecs
Vertical Shaft : 12m dia
Junction with : Tangential with 6.0m
tunnel opening
De-aeration System : Through a Separation
Chamber and de-aeration
shaft opening above MWL
Velocity at toe : 45 m/s
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL
OUTLET
• BOTTOM MOST OUTLET IN
THE PROJECT AT EL 700M.
• TO BE USED FOR
EMERGENCY EVACUATION
Head : 220 M
Type : Vertical Shafts
Nos : 2 (Gated)
Intakes : Tunnel type (80m long)
Discharge : 3800 cumecs
Vertical Shaft : 12m dia
Junction with : Tangential with 5.5m
tunnel opening
De-aeration System : Through a Separation
Chamber and de-aeration
shaft opening in a De-
aeration tunnel
Velocity at toe : 45 m/s
THDC India Ltd.
THDC India Ltd.
Power House Under ground
Cavern Size 197mX24mX63m
Type of Turbines Francis
Rated Head 188 M
Speed 214.3 RPM
Installed Capacity 4X250 MW
Annual Energy 3568 MUs
Transmission System 400 KV
SPECIAL FEATURES
OF DAM
MOST SUITABLE TYPE OF DAM (WITH CENTRAL CLAY
CORE) IN EARTHQUAKE ZONES ON ACCOUNT OF
FLEXIBIITY AND CAPACITY TO ABSORB ENERGY.
Surface Treatment
Excavation up to Hard Rock
50 mm thick Shotcreting in entire core-seat area
Sub-surface Treatment
10 metre deep (normal to surface) consolidation
grouting
60 m deep, two-row grout curtain at the centre
line of core seat
Coffer Dam from Downstream Side - March 1996
CROSS-SECTION OF TEHRI DAM
INSPECTION
GALLERY
(EL. 835 M) MAIN DAM AXIS
EL. 839.5 M
FSL 830.0 M
2.5
1
U/S 2.0 D/S
Coarse Filter 11 Fine Filter 1
Rip-Rap 4 3 Rip-Rap
5 0.5 0.1 5
EL.735.0 M
Inspection Gallery
2D FINE FILTER
3 (El. 725.0 ±)
Shell 1 Shell
El.681.00
2A 0.4 2B
Coarse Filter
El.655.0 m Core 4
2D
2A 1
El.635.0± El.638.00m
3 1 1
2A 3 2D
Coffer Dam 0.3 0.1 El.615.0±
1
El.600.0 m 2C
595.00 (+/-)
Consolidation Grouting
Grout Curtain
Unprocessed Shell material – Well graded terrace
gravely material, maximum size 600 mm, fines (<4.75
mm) less than 35%, silt content (<0.075 mm) not
more than 5%, provided further that 80% of the
material shall not have aleurite content exceeding
30%.
Processed Shell material
Below El. 615 m (downstream) - Well-graded terrace gravelly
material, maximum size 600 mm, fines (<4.75 mm) between
10-22%
Between El. 615 to 625 m (downstream) - Well graded
terrace gravelly material, maximum size 600 mm, fines
(<4.75 mm) between 10-18%, silt content not more than 5%
Core material - Well-graded impervious core material
having maximum size up to 200 mm and 80 mm in
central portion and near abutment respectively.
Fine filter - Maximum size unto 20 mm, silt content
<5%.
Coarse filter : Sand and gravel mixture, maximum size
60 mm, silt content <5%.
Rip-rap : Well-graded hard blasted rock with maximum
size up to 1200 mm
PLANNING FOR HAULING
FILL MATERIAL
Governing Factors
Volume of fill materials
Haul distance
Schedule for construction of dam
Topography of area
Available Technology
Factors considered for Tehri dam
Total Volume of fill = 27.80 MCM
Required rate of fill / year = 7.0 – 7.5 MCM
Borrow areas (except rip-rap) located on
right bank
Limited space available for construction of
haul roads
Type of Machinery Available
Planning for Shell Material
Obtained from Dobata borrow area located at an
average distance of 5 km from dam site and laying
between elevation varying from 680m to 720 m
Directly to be hauled from site without processing.
5.2 cum bucket capacity electric shovel for loading
supported by D8/D9 dozers
30T dumpers for transportation
Analysis of traffic density of dumpers & other
vehicles
Minimum allowable distance between 2 dumpers
moving on either side = 40m
Planning for Clay core Material
Obtained from Koti borrow area located at a
distance of about 6 km from dam site and
processed by blending it with coarser material (<200
mm) from Dobata & transported to one intermediate
point (New Dobata, at 3 km upstream of dam)
A stockpile of alternate layers of clay & coarser
material of height 4 m was formed and blended.
Material from these stockpiles was hauled using 30T
dumpers & shovels/backhoe.
Since grading of roads in rock abutments for crossing clay zone
was not considered proper, an alternate scheme for crossing clay
core zone was adopted is shown below:
CLAY CORE CROSSING ARRANGEMENTS
Planning for Filter Material
Different fractions of filter material were produced
by crushing and screening river born material
available at Dobata Shell borrow area.
Stockpiles of about 2-3 m height was created by
laying different sized material to obtained well
graded filter material.
A stockpile of alternate layers of clay & coarser
material of height 4 m was formed and blended.
Material from these stockpiles was hauled using
30T dumpers & shovels/backhoe.
Planning for Rip-Rap Material
The quarry for rip-rap material (Asena) was located at a
distance of about 25 km from dam site. The material at
Asena quarry was blasted for obtaining material of required
gradation and transported to dam site.
The capacity of dumpers was restricted to 20 T with backhoe
of capacity of 3.00/1.70 cum was used for haulage in view of
haulage distance of 25 km and plying of these dumpers on
narrow public road.
In view of longer lead and requirement of Rip-Rap material
being more in last two seasons and keeping the production
rate of Rip-Rap constant, a buffer stock was maintained near
dam site. The stocked material was used during the peak
demand of Rip-Rap material.
PLANNING OF HAUL ROADS
Standby equipments
EQUIPMENT DIPLOYED BY DAM CONTRACTOR
The major quantities (except riprap) of dam were
placed in five years between 1997 and 2002.
The maximum fill placed during an year was more
than 7.5 million cum.
Maximum quantity of 54000 cum was placed in a
single day.
TOTAL FILL PLACEMENT – 280 LAC. CUM.
QUALITY CONTROL ASPECTS
OF TEHRI DAM
QUALITY ASSURANCE