Gender and Sex

GENDER AND SEX
By Group 2
Magbanua, Hernie Jane
Sumaya, May Ann
Gender and Sex
Sex and Gender are two very
essential yet underrated parts of
the human life. They affect all
aspects of our lives, from how we
act, we look at and in the jobs we
take.
What is SEX?
It is the good, the bad, and
the complicated. While most of
us often referred to be as the
act of reproduction.
According to Popular
Culture, Sex is something done
for pleasure, and perhaps is a
more Freudian sense, it is what
drives people to do certain
things.
The Book defines sex
through its Biological, and not
Cultural definition. Sex in the
biological sense is category for
living beings specifically related
to their reproductive function.
For most living
creatures there are two
sexes :
THE MALE
THE FEMALE
The Female Sex is determined by the
following characteristics:
- Produces egg cells, which are
fertilized by the other another sex,
and bears the offspring.
The Male Sex on the
other hand, produces
sperm cells to fertilize
the egg cells.
CHROMOSOMES
GENETALIA or the organs used for
Reproduction and Secondary Sex Characteristics
are Largely influenced by one’s X and Y
chromosomes. These Chromosomes determine
whether someone’s body will express itself as a ‘
Female’ and ‘Male’.
HORMONES
The exposure to hormones in the
womb affects how the organism develop as
a male and female. Physical features
related to secondary sex characteristics are
influenced by Hormones. Both males and
females have estrogen, testosterone and
progesterone.
Testosterone - a hormone produced by the
human body. It's mainly produced in men by the
testicles. Testosterone affects a man's
appearance and sexual development. It
stimulates sperm production as well as a man's
sex drive. It also helps build muscle and bone
mass.
Estrogen - are hormones that are important
for sexual and reproductive development,
mainly in women. They are also referred to as
female sex hormones.
What is GENDER?
Gender is socially learned behavior usually
associated with one’s sex. It is shown for gender
relations between the sexes, or how the male
and female relates to one another. It is also
based on how people see themselves and on
their tendency to act along either the masculine
or feminine line.
Gender is the range of characteristics
pertaining to, and differentiating between,
masculinity and femininity.
Gender Role Socialization
Is defined as the process of learning and
internalizing culturally approved ways of
thinking, feeling, and behaving. Socialization
affects all parts of one’s identity by dictating
what is acceptable to do because of one’s
educational background, class, religion, and
gender.
External regulation
It involves various institutions dictating

what is proper and normal based on one’s
identity. It affects how one see’s his or her
gender, and what gender in relation to other
genders. It can happen through censorship of
some forms of sexuality.
Internalized self-control
Causes a person to police himself or
herself according to societies standards and
norms. A consistent practice will eventually
affects all aspects of his or her personality, in
turn, resulting in the policing of others,
expanding and perpetuating this regulation.
Gender Stereotypes
It develops when different institutions
reinforce a bias perception of a certain
genders role. This institutions includes the
family, church, school, state, and the
media.
Gender Stereotypes
are 4 types:
SEX STEREOTYPES
GENERALIZED view of traits that
should be possessed by men and women ,
specifically physical and emotional roles.
SEXUAL STEREOTYPES
Involves assumptions regarding a
persons sexuality that reinforce
dominant views.
SEX-ROLE STEREOTYPES
Encompasses the roles that men and
women are assigned to based on their sex and
what behavior they must possess to fulfill these
roles.
SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER
IDENTITY AND EXPRESSION
or SOGIE. Sexually is different from sex,

as the former is the expression of persons
thought, feelings, sexual orientation and
relationship.
SEXUALLY ORIENTATION COVERS THE 3
DIMENSIONS OF SEXUALITY, namely:
1. Sexually Orientation
a. Sexually attraction, sexual behavior,

sexual fantasies.
b. Emotional preferences, social
preferences, self-identification; and
c. Heterosexual or Homosexual
lifestyle
2. Gender Identity
refers to one’s personal experience of

gender or social relation. It determines
how one sees himself or herself in relation
to gender and sexuality. A person can
identify himself or herself as masculine or
feminine.
3. Gender Expression
determines how one expresses his

or her sexuality through the actions or
manner of presenting oneself.
LGBTQIA
Is short for Lesbian, Gay, Transgender,

Queer/Questioning, intersex, asexual. This
category describes distinct groups outside
of heteronormativity who are usually
defined by their SOGIE.
HETERONORMATIVITY
Defined as the notion that being
heterosexual, or the attraction to the
opposite sex, is the standard for correctness.
HETEROSEXUAL
Or straight, refers to people who have
sexual and romantic feelings mostly for the
opposite gender– men who are attracted to
women, and women who are attracted to men.
HOMOSEXUALITY
describes people who have sexual and
romantic feelings for the same gender---
men who are attracted to men, and
women who are attracted to women.
CISGENDER
someone whose gender identity
corresponds with his or her biological sex.
A person can be homosexual and at the
same time a cisgender.
LESBIAN
Pertains to women who are

attracted to other women.
GAY
Refers to men who are attracted
to other men. It can also be used as an
umbrella term for Homosexuality.
BISEXUAL
or “Bi” denotes people who

are attracted to both genders.
TRANSGENDER
An umbrella term that refers to
someone whose assigned sex at birth does
not represents his or her gender identity.
WHY EQUATE GENDER ISSUES WITH
WOMENS ISSUES?
Gender issues are equated with

women's issues because of SEXISM and
GENDER STEREOTYPES. Sexism is defined
as the PREJUDICE against a certain sex.
Because we live in a patriarchal society,
men are still seen as DOMINANT, LEADERS,
and the “norm”.
GENDER EQUALITY
It is defined as the recognition of the
state of that all human beings are free to
enjoy equal conditions and fulfill their
human potential, to contribute to the state
and the society.
THANK YOU!

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GENDER AND SEX

It involves various institutions dictating

or SOGIE. Sexually is different from sex,

a. Sexually attraction, sexual behavior,

refers to one’s personal experience of

determines how one expresses his

Is short for Lesbian, Gay, Transgender,

Pertains to women who are

or “Bi” denotes people who

Gender issues are equated with

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