ELEMENTS of WEATHER and CLIMATE

ELEMENTS OF WEATHER AND
CLIMATE
Q4-WEEK3
WHAT DO YOU OBSERVE IN THESE
PICTURES?
WEATHER CLIMATE
• CLIMATE REFERS TO THE
• IS THE CONDITION OF THE
WEATHER PATTERN, USING
ATMOSPHERE AT A
STATISTICAL DATA, OF A
PARTICULAR PLACE OVER A
PLACE OVER A LONG
SHORT PERIOD OF TIME
ENOUGH PERIOD TO YIELD
MEANINGFUL AVERAGES.
CLIMATE IN THE PHILIPPINES
CLIMATE IN THE PHILIPPINES
The climate of the Philippines is tropical and maritime. It
is characterized by relatively high temperature, high
humidity and abundant rainfall. It is similar in many
respects to the climate of the countries of central
America. Temperature, humidity, and rainfall, which are
discussed hereunder, are the most important elements of
the country's weather and climate.
TEMPERATURE
Based on the average of all weather stations in the Philippines, excluding
Baguio, the mean annual temperature is 26.6o C. The coolest months fall
in January with a mean temperature of 25.5oC while the warmest month
occurs in May with a mean temperature of 28.3oC. Latitude is an
insignificant factor in the variation of temperature while altitude shows
greater contrast in temperature. Thus, the mean annual temperature of
Baguio with an elevation of 1,500 meters is 18.3oC. This makes the
temperature of Baguio comparable with those in the temperate climate
and because of this, it is known as the summer capital of the Philippines.
TEMPERATURE
The difference between the mean annual temperature

of the southernmost station in Zamboanga and that of
the Northermost station in Laoag is insignificant. In other
words, there is essentially no difference in the mean
annual temperature of places in Luzon, Visayas or
Mindanao measured at or near sea level.
HUMIDITY
Humidity refers to the moisture content of the atmosphere. Due
to high temperature and the surrounding bodies of water, the
Philippines has a high relative humidity. The average monthly
relative humidty varies between 71 percent in March and 85
percent in September. The combination of warm temperature
and high relative and absolute humidities give rise to high
sensible temperature throughout the archipelago. It is especially
uncomfortable during March to May, when temperature and
humidity attain their maximum levels.
RAINFALL
• Rainfall is the most important climatic element in the philippines. Rainfall
distribution throughout the country varies from one region to another,
depending upon the direction of the moisture-bearing winds and the
location of the mountain systems.
• The mean annual rainfall of the philippines varies from 965 to 4,064
millimeters annually. Baguio city, eastern samar, and eastern surigao
receive the greatest amount of rainfall while the southern portion of
cotabato receives the least amount of rain. At general santos city in
cotabato, the average annual rainfall is only 978 millimeters.
THE SEASONS
Using temperature and rainfall as bases, the climate of
the country can be divided into two major seasons: (1)
the rainy season, from June to November; and (2) the
dry season, from December to May. The dry season may
be subdivided further into (a) the cool dry season, from
December to February; and (b) the hot dry season, from
March to May.
CLIMATE TYPES
• Based on the distribution of rainfall, four climate types are recognized,
which are described as follows:
• Typhoons have a great influence on the climate and weather conditions of
the Philippines. A great portion of the rainfall, humidity and cloudiness are
due to the influence of typhoons. They generally originate in the region of
the Marianas and Caroline islands of the pacific ocean which have the
same latitudinal location as Mindanao. Their movements follow a
northwesterly direction, sparing Mindanao from being directly hit by
majority of the typhoons that cross the country. This makes the southern
Philippines very desirable for agriculture and industrial development.
WHAT CAUSES CHANGES IN WEATHER?
WHAT CAUSES
CHANGES IN
WEATHER?
1ST SET OF
WEATHER
ELEMENTS
WHAT CAUSES
CHANGES IN
WEATHER?
2ND SET OF
WEATHER
ELEMENTS
2ND SET OF WEATHER ELEMENTS
1. TROPICAL CYCLONE
1. TROPICAL CYCLONE
TROPICAL CYCLONE CLASSIFICATIONS:
2. LOW PRESSURE AREA (LPA)
3. MONSOON
MOONSOON
SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
MONSOON MONSOON
(HABAGAT) (AMIHAN) –
(JUNE-SEPTEMBER) NOVEMBER TO
MARCH
3. INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)
3. INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ)
4. EASTERLY (TROPICAL) WAVE
5. TAIL-END COLD FRONT
6. THUNDERSTORM
EFFECTS OF A THUNDERSTORM
• SQUALL • WATER SPOUTS

• THUNDER • SMALL HAIL
• LIGHTNING • MODERATE TO SEVERE
• LOCALIZED FLOODING RAINS (30 MINUTES TO
2 HOURS)
• GUSTNADO
HOW ARE LIGHTNING AND THUNDER PRODUCED?
HOW ARE LIGHTNING AND THUNDER PRODUCED?
PROCESS OF LIFTING AIR
PROCESS OF LIFTING AIR
3 COMMON TYPES OF LIFTING MECHANISMS
OROGRAPHIC LIFTING
OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION
FRONTAL LIFTING
REFERENCES
• https://www.facebook.com/aksyonradyoiloilo720/photos/a.1460075530953393/2052809715
013302/?type=3&theater
• http://www.lcp.org.ph/UserFiles/League_of_Cities/file/WPF-Weather101-updated.pdf
• http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate-philippines

ELEMENTS of WEATHER and CLIMATE

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ELEMENTS OF WEATHER AND

The difference between the mean annual temperature

• SQUALL • WATER SPOUTS

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