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1 Random-Variable-and-Discrete-Probability-Distribution

A random variable is a numerical quantity assigned to outcomes of an experiment. Random variables can be discrete or continuous. Discrete random variables can take on countable values while continuous variables take on uncountable values. Probability distributions describe the possible values and probabilities of random variables. Discrete probability distributions are tables listing the probabilities of each value. Examples show constructing discrete distributions and calculating probabilities for random variables like number of heads in coin tosses or number of ripe bananas selected.

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Czaryl
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238 views

1 Random-Variable-and-Discrete-Probability-Distribution

A random variable is a numerical quantity assigned to outcomes of an experiment. Random variables can be discrete or continuous. Discrete random variables can take on countable values while continuous variables take on uncountable values. Probability distributions describe the possible values and probabilities of random variables. Discrete probability distributions are tables listing the probabilities of each value. Examples show constructing discrete distributions and calculating probabilities for random variables like number of heads in coin tosses or number of ripe bananas selected.

Uploaded by

Czaryl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RANDOM VARIABLE AND DISCRETE

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
RANDOM VARIABLE

• Also known as realized values


• Is a numerical quantity that is assigned
to the outcome of an experiment
• We use capital letter to represent a
random variable
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS RANDOM
VARIABLE

Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable


Can assume only a countable number of Can assume infinite number of values in
values one or more intervals
Examples: Examples:
• Number of pencils in a box • Amount of antibiotics in the vial
• Number of soldiers in a troop • Lifetime of light bulbs in minutes
• Number of rotten tomatoes in a basket • Length of wire ropes
• Number of defective flashlights • Voltage of radio batteries
FINDING THE POSSIBLE VALUE OF
RANDOM VARIABLE
EXAMPLE 1

Suppose two coins are tossed and we


are interested to determine the number
of heads that will come out. Let us use
H to represent the number of heads
that will come out. Determine the
values of random variable H
EXAMPLE 2

A basket contains 10 ripe and 4 unripe


bananas. If three bananas are taken from
the basket one after the other,
determine the possible values of the
random variable R representing the
number of ripe bananas.
EXAMPLE 3

A coin is flipped four times. Let T be the


number of tails that come out.
Determine the values of the realized
values T
EXAMPLE 4

Two balance dice are rolled. Let S be the


random variable denoting the sum of
the number of dots that will appear.
Determine the values of the random
variable S.
CONSTRUCTING DISCRETE
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

• Also known as Probability Mass Function


• Is a table that gives a list of probability values along with
their associated value in the range of a discrete random
variable
• For any discrete random variable X, the ff. are true:
0 ≤ 𝑃 𝑋 ≤ 1, for each value of x
σ 𝑃 𝑋 = 1
EXAMPLE 1

A basket contains 10 ripe and 4 unripe bananas. Three bananas


are taken from the basket one after the other. If the random
variable R represents the number of ripe bananas,
• Construct the discrete probability distribution
• Construct the probability histogram
• What is 𝑃 𝑅 > 1 ?
• What is the probability of getting 3 bananas?
EXAMPLE 2

A meeting of consuls was attended by 4 Americans and 2 Germans.


• If three consuls were selected at random, construct the
probability distribution of the random variable G representing
the number of Germans
• Construct the probability Histogram
• What is the probability that at most 2 Germans will be
selected?
• What is the probability that at least 1 German will be selected?
EXAMPLE 3

Determine whether or not the formula below describes a


probability distribution.
𝑋+1
𝑃 𝑋 = where X = 0,1,3, If it is find the ff:
7
•𝑃 𝑋=3
•𝑃 𝑋≥1
•𝑃 𝑋≤1
EXAMPLE 4

1
Determine whether 𝑃 𝑋 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑋 = 0,1,2,3,4,5
5
describes a probability distribution.
INDIVIDUAL WORK

Answer the following:


p. 9 #3 and #4
p. 17 #4
• A drawer contains 10 pairs of socks. Rueben, in preparation for his
trip to Davao City, randomly selected 3 socks. (Change 6 socks to
3 socks)
• Additional task: Construct the Probability Histogram

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