Knowing The Research Process

KNOWING THE RESEARCH PROCESS
1
The Research Process
1
•CONCEPTUALIZATION PHASE
2
•DESIGN PHASE
3
•EMPIRICAL PHASE
4
•ANALYTICAL PHASE
5
•DISSEMINATION PHASE
2
Conceptualization Phase
1.Topic/Problem Identification
2.Review of Literature
3.Hypotheses/Proposition Development
4.Framework Development
5.Objective Formulation
Dissemination Phase
Design Phase
10. Communicating and Utilizing the
6.Research Plan Formulation
Findings
Analytical Phase
Empirical Phase
8.Data Analysis & Interpretation
7.Data Gathering/Collection
9.Conclusion
3
Define the Research
Review the Literature Formulate Hypothesis Design Research
Problem
Interpret Analyze Collect

and Report Data Data

Begin with a
TOPIC in
mind 5
TOPIC
Relevant
Clear Ethical
Feasible
6
Characteristics of a Good Research Problem
1. A research problem must be relevant.
Contribute to knowledge and development, problem should be worth
investigating and worth the time, money and effort to be spent on it.
2. A research problem must be feasible.

Adequate technical expertise skills, equipment, experience
Adequate number of respondents/participants
Affordable time and money
Manageable in scope
3. A research problem must be clear.
It should be specific, clear and unambiguous. Deals with a limited aspect
of a certain phenomenon.
4. A research problem must be ethical.

The conduct of study should not pose any danger, embarrassment, hurt or
any risk to research respondents/participants or anyone.
Guidelines in Choosing A Research Topic
1. Interest in the subject matter
Your interest may be caused by your rich background knowledge and being
curious about a subject that makes you determined to unravel the mystery
or intriguing behind it. This also pushes you to research, investigate or
inquire about it with full motivation, enthusiasm and energy.
2. Availability of information
You must collect a lot of information as evidence to support your claims
about your subject matter from varied literature like books, journals and
newspapers. Check the availability of reading materials of your chosen topic,
consider also the if how updated the materials and how experts the writers.
Guidelines in Choosing A Research Topic
3. Timeliness and relevance of the topic
The topic is relevant if it yields results that are instrumental in societal
improvement. It is timely if it is related to the present.
4. Limitations on the subject.
This may be only difficult when you have to decide one topic to research on
and not given the freedom to choose your topic based on your interest
5. Personal Resources.
Before sticking fully to your final choice, assess your research abilities in
terms of your financial standing, health condition, mental capacity, needed
facilities, and time allotment to enable you to complete your research.
Research Topics to be Avoided
1. Controversial Topics – these are topics that depend greatly on the
writer’s opinion, which may tend to be biased or prejudicial. Facts
cannot support topics like these.
2. Highly Technical Subjects – for a beginner, researching on topics
that require an advanced study, technical knowledge and vast
experience is a very difficult task.
3. Hard to investigate subjects – A subject is hard to investigate if there

are no available reading materials about it and if such material are not
up-to-date.
Research Topics to be Avoided
4. Too broad subjects – Topics that are too broad will prevent you
from giving a concentrated or an in-depth analysis of the subject
matter of the paper. The remedy to this is to narrow or limit the topic
to a smaller one
5. Too narrow subjects– these subjects are so limited or specific that
an extensive or thorough searching or reading
6. Vague subjects – choosing topics like these will prevent you from
having a clear focus on your paper . For instance, titles beginning with
indefinite adjectives such as several, many, some etc. as in Some
Remarkable Traits of a Filipino” or “Several People’s Comments on the
RH Law” are vague enough to decrease the readers’ interests and
curiosity.
SOURCES OF RESEARCH TOPICS
1. Pressing issues on an individual, organizational
or societal level or success stories
2. Wide reading/critical film viewing (books,
journals, magazines, newspapers, monographs,
films, videos and documentaries)
3. Social networking
SOURCES OF RESEARCH TOPICS
4. Replication (theses and dissertations)
5. Lectures, Talks, Seminars
6. Gray Areas (these are points of interest but very
little is known about them)
Ex: Is female circumcision still practiced among
specific groups of people?
WRITING A RESEARCH TITLE
Title: Original, Clear, Concise &

Specific
3 Basic tips on writing a good research
paper title
1] Keep it simple, brief and attractive: The primary
function of a title is to provide a precise summary
of the paper’s content. So keep the title brief and
clear.
2] Use appropriate descriptive words: A good
research paper title should contain key words used
in the manuscript and should define the nature of
the study.
3 Basic tips on writing a good research
paper title
3] Avoid abbreviations and jargon. Lesser-known or
specific abbreviations and jargon that would not be
immediately familiar to the readers should be left
out.
Randomized trial of X therapy for improving cognitive function in
40 dementia patients from 6 cities in Japan reports improved
cognitive function
Randomized trial of X therapy for improving cognitive function in

40 dementia patients
(Length of finalized title: 13 words)
Subtitle title
X therapy improves cognitive function in 40 dementia patients: A
randomized trial
(Title length: 12 words)
Broad and Specific Topics
Broad: Low Self-Esteem
Specific: Low Self-Esteem in Adolescents: Root
Causes, Manifestations and Intervention
Broad: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Specific: HIV: Causes, Prevention, Treatment and
Care
Broad and Specific Topics
Broad: Pre-Service Teachers
Specific: Pre-Service Teachers: Experiences,
Achievements and Challenges
Broad: Smoking
Specific: Health Hazards of Direct and Indirect
Smoking: Prevention and Cure
Stating Research Questions
Specific: Low Self-Esteem in Adolescents: Root Causes,
Manifestations and Intervention
Research Questions:
1. What are the root causes of low self-esteem in
adolescents?
2. What kind of behavior do adolescents with low self-
esteem manifest?
3. What intervention program could be proposed to boost
the self-esteem of adolescents?
Specific: Experiences of Filipino Fathers and Mothers on Natural
Disaster
Research Questions:
1. What reactions do Filipino fathers and mothers experience
during and after a natural disaster?
2. How do they cope with the experience of a natural disaster?
3. How do the experiences of Filipino fathers and mothers differ
in terms of coping and reaction?
Specific: Impoverished School Children in Tarlac City: A Case Study
Research Questions:
1. How are the impoverished school children analyzed in the
following conditions:
1.1 Social
1.2 Economics
1.3 Health and Nutrition
2. What are the difficulties and concerns of these school children
in attending school?
3. What assistance program could be proposed to help in the
socio-economic and health concerns of the school children?

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KNOWING THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Interpret Analyze Collect

The Research Process

2. A research problem must be feasible.

4. A research problem must be ethical.

3. Hard to investigate subjects – A subject is hard to investigate if there

Title: Original, Clear, Concise &

Randomized trial of X therapy for improving cognitive function in

Broad: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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