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    Lyceljine C. Tañedo
    The z-score locates a raw score within a population or sample relative to the mean. It is calculated using the formula z = (X - μ) / σ for populations or z = (X - x) / s for samples, where X is the raw score, μ is the population mean, σ is the population standard deviation, x is the sample mean, and s is the sample standard deviation. The z-score corresponds to a specific area under the normal curve, allowing one to determine the percentage associated with a given raw score. Three examples demonstrate calculating z-scores for reading scores, PE scores, and a science test score.

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    772 views6 pages
    The z-score locates a raw score within a population or sample relative to the mean. It is calculated using the formula z = (X - μ) / σ for populations or z = (X - x) / s for samples, where X is the raw score, μ is the population mean, σ is the population standard deviation, x is the sample mean, and s is the sample standard deviation. The z-score corresponds to a specific area under the normal curve, allowing one to determine the percentage associated with a given raw score. Three examples demonstrate calculating z-scores for reading scores, PE scores, and a science test score.

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    The z-score locates a raw score within a population or sample relative to the mean. It is calculated using the formula z = (X - μ) / σ for populations or z = (X - x) / s for samples, where X is the raw score, μ is the population mean, σ is the population standard deviation, x is the sample mean, and s is the sample standard deviation. The z-score corresponds to a specific area under the normal curve, allowing one to determine the percentage associated with a given raw score. Three examples demonstrate calculating z-scores for reading scores, PE scores, and a science test score.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    772 views6 pages

    Statistics

    Uploaded by

    Lyceljine C. Tañedo
    The z-score locates a raw score within a population or sample relative to the mean. It is calculated using the formula z = (X - μ) / σ for populations or z = (X - x) / s for samples, where X is the raw score, μ is the population mean, σ is the population standard deviation, x is the sample mean, and s is the sample standard deviation. The z-score corresponds to a specific area under the normal curve, allowing one to determine the percentage associated with a given raw score. Three examples demonstrate calculating z-scores for reading scores, PE scores, and a science test score.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    UNDERSTANDING THE

    Z-SCORES
    REPORTER: KC BAHINTING
     Exploring the z-score

    The z-score
    the areas under the normal curve are given in terms of z-values or scores. Either
    the z-score locates X within a sample or within a population.

    The Formula for calculating z is:

    Where: X = given measurement


    µ = population mean
    σ = population standard deviation
    x = sample mean
    s = sample standard deviation
     What is the importance of the z-scores?
    Raw scores may be composed of large values, but large values cannot be at the base
    line of the normal curve. So, they have to be transformed into scores for convenience
    without sacrificing meanings associated with the raw scores. Recall that in the previous
    chapter, the graph of random variables locates the X scores on the x-axis. In mathematics,
    these locations are called zeroes. We connect this concept to the normal curve concept and
    we call our standard deviations z (for zero) scores.
    For any population, the mean and the standard deviation are fixed. Thus, the z formula
    matches the z-values one-to-one with the X values (raw scores). That is, for every X value
    there corresponds a z-value and for each z-value there is exactly one X value.
    The z values are matched with specific areas under the normal curve in a normal
    distribution table. Therefore, if we wish to find the percentage associated with X, we must
    find its matched x-value using the z-formula. The z-value leads to the area under the curve
    found in the normal curve table, which is a probability, and that probability gives the desired
    percentage for X.
    Examples:
    1. Reading Scores

    Given the mean, µ = 50 and the standard deviation, σ = 4 of a population of


    Reading scores. Find the z-value that corresponds to a score X = 58.

    Steps Solution

    𝑋−µ
    1. Use the computing formula for z= σ
    finding z-scores of population data.
    2. Check the given values. Since µ = 50, σ = 4, X = 58
    these are population values, the z-
    score locates X within a population.
    3. Substitute the given values in the z=
    58−50
    4
    computing formula.
    4. Compute the z-value. 𝑥=4=2
    8

    Thus, the z-value that corresponds to


    the raw scores 58 is 2 in a population
    distribution.
    2. Score in PE
    Locate the z-value that corresponds to a PE score of 39 given that µ = 45
    and σ = 6 .

    Step Solution

    1. Use the computing formula for z=


    𝑋− µ
    σ
    finding z-scores of population data.
    2. Check the given values. The z- µ = 45, σ = 6 and X = 39
    score in question locates X in a
    population.
    3. Substitute the given values in the z=
    39−45
    6
    computing formula.
    4. Compute the z-value. −6
    𝑥 = 6 = -1
    Thus, the z value that corresponds to
    the raw score 39 is -1 in a population
    distribution.
    3. Scores in a Science Test

    Given X = 20, X = 26 and s = 4. Compute the corresponding z-score.

    Steps Solution
    𝑋 −𝑋
     Use the computing formula for z= 𝑠
    finding z-scores of sample data.
     Check the given values. The z- X = 26, s = 4 and x = 20
    score in question locates X in a
    sample. 20−26
    𝑥= 4
     Substitute the given values in the −6 3
    computing formula. z= 4
    = - 2
    = -1.5

     Compute the z-value The corresponding z-score is -1.5 to the


    left of the mean.

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