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    Skopos Theory

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    Istizp
    This power point contains a general discussion of Vermeer's Skopos theory along with its application in describing English-Indonesian translation of Nescafe's homepage.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Skopos Theory

    Uploaded by

    Istizp
    677 views7 pages
    This power point contains a general discussion of Vermeer's Skopos theory along with its application in describing English-Indonesian translation of Nescafe's homepage.

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    Skopos Theory PPT

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    This power point contains a general discussion of Vermeer's Skopos theory along with its application in describing English-Indonesian translation of Nescafe's homepage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    677 views7 pages

    Skopos Theory

    Uploaded by

    Istizp
    This power point contains a general discussion of Vermeer's Skopos theory along with its application in describing English-Indonesian translation of Nescafe's homepage.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that Skopos theory considers translation as a purposeful human action and that the purpose or aim (skopos) determines the translation. The translator should know why the source text is being translated and what function the target text will have.

    The main principles of Skopos theory are that a translational action is determined by its aim or purpose, and the target text must be appropriate for its intended purpose or function in the target culture and language.

    The rules in Skopos theory are: 1) A translational action is determined by its skopos 2) The target text offers information to the target culture 3) The target text does not allow fully reversible translation 4) The target text is internally coherent 5) The target text is coherent with the source text 6) The skopos rule has hierarchical precedence over the other rules.

    Skopos Theory

    Hans J. Vermeer & Katharina Reiss


    • Skopos: aim or purpose
    • It is based on action theory, hence it considers translation as a type of
    human action containing an intention or a purpose.
    • Skopos theory argues that translational action is determined by its aim or
    purpose and has an outcome namely TT or Translatum which must be fit
    for purpos.
    • Thus, a translator should:
    know why a ST is to be translated
    what the function of the TT is
    Rules in Skopos Theory
    1. A translational action is determined by its skopos.
    2. It is an offer of information (Informationsangebot) in a target culture
    and TL concerning an offer of information in a source culture and SL.
    3. A TT does not initiate an offer of information in a clearly reversible way.
    4. A TT must be internally coherent (Coherence Rule)
    5. A TT must be coherent with the ST (Fidelity Rule)
    6. The five rules above stand in hierarchical order, with the skopos rule
    predominating.
    Comments on Skopos Rules
    • The rules are seen as the downplaying or the ‘dethroning’ of the ST.
    • Nord’s Functionality Plus Loyalty Principle states that there needs to be a
    relationship between ST and TT, and the nature is determined by the
    skopos.
    • Loyalty: the target-text purpose should be compatible with the original
    author’s intentions.
    • Skopos Theory allows a same text to be translated in different ways
    depending on the purpose and commission.
    Goal (TT or Translatum)
    • Translation commission or ‘brief ’ contains
    Conditions under which the goal should
    be achieved (deadline, setting, fee, etc.)
    • If the TT fulfils the skopos outlined by the commission, it is functionally
    and communicatively adequate.
    • In general, Skopos theory reduces equivalence to functional constancy
    (cases where the function of ST and TT are the same).
    Discussion of Skopos Theory
    • It is only for non-literary texts, because the literary ones do not seem to
    exhibit any purpose.
    However, Vermeer states that goals, purposes, functions, and intentions
    are ‘attributed to’ actions. Every reception and reproduction of a text
    can at least have one skopos.

    • There is no sufficient attention to the linguistic nature of ST and the


    reproduction of micro-level features in TT.
    • Purpose: Welcoming website’s visitors from various countries • Purpose: Welcoming website’s visitors from Indonesia
    • Visual elements: • Internal coherent:
    - Dominated with red and blue - A picture of two glasses of Nescafe placed in a table
    - A picture of people in a beach holding glasses of Nescafe • Coherence with the ST:
    - Full-screen photo layout - Dominated with red and brown
    • Textual elements: - The same layout as in the ST
    - Presenting information about Nescafe’s year of establishment - Presenting similar information, but the Nescafe’s
    and its commitment “grow coffee respectfully”. It is followed commitment “menanam kopi dengan hormat” is questionable
    by “Grown Respectfully” section and is not followed by “Grown Respectfully” section.

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