Patrick Geddes

Biologist
Sociologist
Geographer
Town planner
Writer
PATRICK GEDDES
BIOGRAPHY:
• Sir Patrick Geddes (2 October 1854 – 17 April 1932) was a Scottish biologist,
sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneer in town planner.
• He is known for his innovative thinking in the field of urban planning and
sociology.
• He introduced the concept of region to architecture and planning and coined the
term conurbation.
• Geddes was a founder of a college DES ECOSSAISE and International teaching
establishment in Mont Pellier, France.
• He studied at the royal college of mines in London under Thomas Henry Huxley
between 1874 and 1878 and lectured in geology at Edinberg University from 1880
TO 1888.
• He is the father of town planning and regional planning.
• He believed in socio evolution.
PATRICK GEDDES
PRINCIPLES:
• His principles for town planning in Bombay demonstrate his views, the relationship
between social processes and spatial firm and the intimate and casual connection between
the social development of the individual and the cultural and the physical environment.
(which includes Bombay town planning act of 1915)
• Preservation of human life and energy rather than superficial beautification.
• Conformity to an orderly development plan carried out in stages.
• Purchasing land suitable for building.
• Promoting trade and commerce.
• Preserving historic building and building of religious significations.
• Developing a city worthy of civic pride, not an imitation of European cities.
• Promoting the happiness, health and comfort of all residence, rather than focusing on
roads and parks available only to rich.
• Control over future growth with adequate provision for future requirements.
PATRICK GEDDES
CONCEPT
• Patrick Geddes explained an organism’s relationship to its environment as follows.
• The Environment Acts, through function, upon the organism and conversely the
organism acts, through function upon the environment.
• In human terms, this can be understood as a place acting through climatic and
geographic processes upon people and thus shaping them. At the same time people act,
through economic processes such as farming and construction, on a place and thus shape
it. Thus both place and folk are linked and through work are in constant transition.
• PLANNING PHILOSOPHY:
• The concept of work, place and folk – GEDDIAN TRIO REPRESENTATION
• Conurbation theory
• Constellation theory
• Valley section principle
PATRICK GEDDES
• Instead its task is to find the right places for each sort of people; place where they will
really flourish. To give people in fact the same care that we give when transplanting
flowers, instead of harsh evictions and arbitrary instructions to 'move on', delivered in the
manner of an officious policeman.
PATRICK GEDDES
VALLEY SECTION:
• Geddes first published his idea of the valley section in 1909 to illustrate his idea of
the 'region-city'.
• The region is expressed in the city and the city spreads influence of the highest level
into the region.
• To put it another way, Geddes said that "it takes a whole region to make the city”.
• The valley section illustrated the application of Geddes's trilogy of 'folk/work/place'
to analysis of the region.
• The valley section is a complex model, which combines physical condition- geology
and geomorphology and their biological associations - with so-called natural or
basic occupations such as miner, hunter, shepherd or fisher, and with the human
settlements that arise from them.
PATRICK GEDDES
PATRICK GEDDES
CONURBATION
• The term "conurbation" was coined in 1915 by Patrick Geddes in his book Cities In
Evolution.
• Internationally, the term "urban agglomeration" is often used to convey a similar
meaning to "conurbation".
• He drew attention to the ability of the (then) new technology of electric power and
motorized transport to allow cities to spread and agglomerate together, and gave as
examples "Midland ton" in England, the Ruhr in Germany, Ramstad in the
Netherlands, New York-Boston in the United States, the Greater Tokyo Area and
Taiheiy, Belt in Japan and NCR of Delhi in India.
• A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban
areas that, through population growth and physical expansion in the form of shopping
malls, supermarkets, theme parks, have merged to form one continuous urban and
industrially developed area.
PATRICK GEDDES
PATRICK GEDDES
• CONSTELLATION THEORY
• As we all saw in the map, prominent cities in
Maharashtra are shown to be connected
forming a „CONSTELLATION‟ shape.
• This CONSTELLATION THEORY was also
coined by Sir Patrick Geddes , “4 or more
cities, which are not economically, politically,
socially equal come together in developing a
whole region”
• This theory is mostly used for administrative
purpose in all countries worldwide.
• Such theory is most prominently used because
planning cities in a particular shape pattern is
not possible in Today's times.
PATRICK GEDDES
EXAMPLE OF PATRIC GEDDES:
• Tel-Aviv (Israel) The Geddes Plan for Tel Aviv was the first master city plan for
Tel Aviv. It was designed in 1925-1929 by the Scottish city planner Sir Patrick
Geddes. This program designed the centre of Tel Aviv and the area now known as
"Old North". In 1925 Patrick Geddes was commissioned to design a master plan for
the city of Tel Aviv. The plan he produced was accepted in 1929. Tel Aviv turned
out to be the only example of one of Geddes‟ plans being built largely as he
envisaged and is a good example of an early planned city.
• The area of Tel Aviv originally planned by Geddes makes up approximately 7.5%
of the current day municipality of Tel Aviv and is now known as Tel Aviv‟s “Old
North”.
• It was designed to be an extension of the much older neighbouring Arabic port
town Jaffa to the south and a home for the increasing population of Jews
emigrating from other parts of the world (predominantly Eastern Europe).
PATRICK GEDDES
• Geddes, originally as biologist and sociologist was
engaged to design a plan for the new city of Tel Aviv to
be built adjacent to the ancient port town of Jaffa.
• The principles he employed for the city were strikingly
similar to what we now know as New Urbanism ideas of
planning - an emphasis was placed on pedestrians as
opposed to motor car traffic, a sense of community and
civic life was encouraged through the use of town
squares and abundant planting of greenery provided
significant focus on a minimal environmental footprint.
• Private automobile traffic was minimised and the city
was envisaged on a pedestrian-scale. This
neighbourhood identity has been crucial in the success of
Tel Aviv as a city.
PATRICK GEDDES

Patrick Geddes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Patrick Geddes

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Patrick Geddes

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Biologist

You might also like