Computer System

Overview

Class- IX
Subject- Computer
Applications
Definition of Computer
System
It is an electronic device that
processes data, converting it into
information that is useful to
people.
It is controlled by programmed
instructions, which gives the
machine a purpose and tell it
what to do.
Types of Computer
1. Personal Computer
It is the most common type of
computer system that is designed
to sit on a desk or table. It enable
people to do their jobs with greater
ease and efficient also they can be
used to communicate, produce
music, edit photographs and
videos etc.
E.g.- laptop, PC system.
Types of computer
(Contd.)
2. Mainframe Computer
These are use din large
organizations such as
Insurance companies and banks,
where many people frequently
need to use the same data. Each
user accesses the mainframe’s
resources through a device called
a “terminal”.
 Types of computer
(Contd.)
3. Mini Computer
These are first released in the
1960s. Their size is small as
compared to the present systems.
The capabilities of a minicomputer
are somewhere between those of
mainframe and personal computer.
They are often called “midrange
computers”.
 Types of computer
(Contd.)
4. Super Computer
These are the most powerful
computers made, and physically
They are some of the largest. These
systems can process huge amounts
of data, and the fastest super
computers can perform more than
trillion calculations per second.
 Communications
Technology
Communications technology, also known
as Information Technology, refers to all
equipment and programs that are used
to process and communicate information.
It is important because it can improve the
quality of human life. It can be used as a
learning and education media.
Communication devices are- Bluetooth,
Infrared, Modem, Network Card,
Smartphone etc.
 Communication Technology
Devices

Modem Network
Card
Characteristics of
Computer
Characteristics of Computer
Speed:- A computer works with
much higher speed and accuracy
compared to humans while
performing mathematical
calculations. It can process
millions (1,000,000) of
instructions per second.
Accuracy:- Computers perform
calculations with 100% accuracy.
Errors may occur due to data
inconsistency or inaccuracy.
Characteristics of Computer
Diligence:- A computer can
perform millions of tasks or
calculations with the same
consistency and accuracy. It
doesn’t feel any fatigue or lack of
concentration.
Versatility:- Versatility refers to
the capability of a computer to
perform different kinds of works
with same accuracy and
efficiency.
Characteristics of Computer
Reliability:- A computer is reliable as it
gives consistent result for similar set of
data i.e., if we give same set of input
any number of times, we will get the
same result.
Memory:- A computer has built-in
memory called primary memory where
it stores data. Secondary storage are
removable devices such as CDs, pen
drives, etc., which are also used to
store data.
 Working of Computer
A computer is a machine programmed to accept
data (input) and process it into useful
information (output).
A Computer system include a computer
peripheral devices and software.
Hardware:- It is any electronic or electric part of
your computer that has a physical structure,
such as the computer monitor or keyboard and
can be touched.
Software:- It is any set of instructions that tells
the hardware what to do. Software guides the
hardware and tells it how to accomplish a
particular task.
Components of Computer
System
Components of Computer
System
Input Unit:- It contains devices
with the help of which we enter
data into the computer. This unit
creates a link between the user
and the computer. The input
devices translate the information
into a form understandable by
the computer.
Example of Input devices are-
Keyboard, Scanner, Joystick,
Mouse etc.
Components of Computer
System
CPU:- It is considered as the brain of the
computer. CPU performs all types of data
processing operations. It stores data,
intermediate results, and instructions
(program). It controls the operation of all
parts of the computer.
CPU itself has the following three
components −
 ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
 Memory Unit
 Control Unit
Components of Computer
System
Output Unit:- The output unit
consists of devices with the help of
which we get the information from
the computer. This unit is a link
between the computer and the
users. Output devices translate the
computer's output into a form
understandable by the users.
Example of output devices are-
Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker etc.
Function of Computer (IPO Cycle)
Function of Computer (IPO Cycle)
Input:- Data is fed into the
computer through various input
devices like keyboard, mouse,
digital pen etc. It can be also fed
through devices like CD-ROM, pen
drive, scanner etc.
Processing:- Operations on the
input data are carried based on
the instructions provided in the
programs.
Function of Computer (IPO Cycle)
Storing:-After processing, the
information can be stored in the
primary or secondary storage
area.
Output:- The processed
information and other details are
communicated to the outside
world through output devices like
monitor, printer etc.
Memory
Memory
 Definition of Memory
Memory is an essential component of
the computer. It is a hardware device
that assembled on the motherboard
for storing data and instructions for
performing a task on the system.
Two types of memory are used by the
computer, one for storing data
permanently and second for
operating.
Types of Memory
 Primary Memory
Primary memory is also known as main
memory or may also refer to "Internal
memory." and primary storage. All those
types of computer memories that are
directly accessed by the processor using
data bus are called primary memory. That
allows a processor to access stores
running programs and currently processed
data that stored in a memory location.
Examples- RAM, ROM.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Random Access Memory (RAM) is
primary-volatile memory.
The programs and data that the
CPU requires during execution of a
program are stored in this memory.
It is a volatile memory as the data
loses when the power is turned off.
 Types of RAM
SRAM- Static Random Access
Memory
DRAM-m Dynamic Random
Access Memory
Read Only Memory (ROM)
The memory from which we can
only read but cannot write on it.
This type of memory is non-
volatile. The information is stored
permanently in such memories
during manufacture.
 Types of ROM
PROM (Programmable Read Only
Memory):- It is read-only memory that
can be modified only once by a user.
The user buys a blank PROM and
enters the desired contents using a
PROM program.
EPROM (Erasable and Programmable
Read Only Memory):- EPROM can be
erased by exposing it to ultra-violet
light for a duration of up to 40
minutes. Usually, an EPROM eraser
achieves this function.
 Types of ROM
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable
and Programmable Read Only
Memory):- It is programmed and
erased electrically. It can be
erased and reprogrammed about
ten thousand times. Both erasing
and programming take about 4 to
10 ms (millisecond). In EEPROM,
any location can be selectively
erased and programmed. 
 Secondary Memory
Secondary memory is also known as
“secondary storage”. The secondary
memory is accessed indirectly via
input/output operations. This memory is
also called permanent, external, stable
or persistent memory. It is characterized
by its slowness and cheapness, relative
to the RAM, and by its permanent
appearance.
Examples- Hard Disk Drive, CD, Pendrive.
Types of Secondary Memory
Floppy Disk:- It is a soft
magnetic disk that is
the oldest type of storage
device. It uses a thin
circular disk on data
storage. It is a thin
magnetic-coated disk contained in
a flexible or semi-rigid protective
jacket. It is usually 3.5” in size.
Types of Secondary Memory
Compact Disk(CD):-
It is plastic optical disc with
a metalized surface that is
used for digital audio/video
and data storage. It is a flat, round
storage medium that is read by a
laser in a CD-ROM drive.
Types of Secondary Memory
Pen Drive:-
It is a portable Universal
Serial Bus (USB) flash memory
device for storing and transferring
audio, video and data file from a
computer. It have a retractable
port connector like a ball point pen
and they are small enough to fit
into a pocket.
Types of Secondary Memory
Memory Card:-
It is sometimes called a flash
memory card or a storage
card is a small storage medium
used to store data such as text,
audio and video, for use on small,
portable or remote computing
devices like digital cameras, smart
phones, tablets etc.
 Summary
Definitionof Computer System
Types of Computer
Communication Technology
Characteristics of computer
Working of computer, Hardware,
Software
Components of computer
IPO Cycle
Memory- Primary, Secondary