Boring machine

Boring machine is a machine tool used to bore holes in large and

heavy parts such as engine frames, steam engine cylinders, machine
housing etc. which are impossible to hold and rotate in an engine
lathe or a drilling machine.
This m/c can also be used for drilling, milling and facing operations.
 Boring
Purpose of boring
To enlarge a hole size.
 To finish a hole acuurately.
 To correct out roundness of
hole.
 To correct the loction of
hole as the boring tool follows
an independant path with
respect to hole.
 TYPES OF BORING MACHINES:
The boring machines may be classified as,
1. Horizontal boring machine.
(a) Table type.
(b) Floor type.
(c) Planer type.
(d) Multiple head type.
2. Vertical boring machine.
(a) Standard vertical boring machine
(b)Vertical turret lathe.
3. Precision boring machine.
4. Jig boring machine.
(a) Vertical milling machine type.
(b) Planer type
1. Horizontal boring machine :
 Work is supported on a table which is stationary and the tool revolves in
horizontal axis.
 This m/c can perform boring, reaming, turning, threading, facing and
milling operations.
 Working of Horizontal boring m/c.
Boring :
 Work remain stationary.
 Boring bar is fitted to the spindle and the tool is adjusted in the
boring bar to the required dimension.
 A light cut is then taken.
 The bore is measured, required feed and speed is adjsuted and
the cut is then completed.
 Boring tool mounting for horizontal boring m/c.
Follwing equipments are used.
1. Boring bar :
 Boring tools are mounted on the boring bar.
 Max. Diameter of bar is no longer than the spindle dia.
 Length is such that it should reach the end column support.
Methods of supporting the boring bar.
a) Supported by spindle :
• for boring blind holes, bars are supported at rhe spindle end
only.
b) Supported by spindle and end column :
• when holes are open and long enough, then boring bars are
supported at the spindle end. This type of bar is called as
line bar.
c) Supported by work piece :
• The bar is supported in the work piece by bushing.
• This type takes much time and is used when only one or two
similar articles are to be bored and no special jigs are made.
 Boring tool mounting for horizontal boring m/c.
Follwing equipments are used.
d) Supported by boring fixture :
• used in mass production
• Boring jigs locate, guide and support the bars at
intermediate points.

Supported by work piece

Supported by spindle and

end column

Supported by boring fixture

 Boring tool mounting for horizontal boring m/c.
2. Boring Head :
The boring heads are used for mounting cutters when,
 The hole diameter is too large in comparision with boring bar diameter.
 When the position of the cutter is required to be changed along the bar
during the oeration.
 When there is excessive overhanging of cutter.
•It consists of a circular body which can be keyed to the boring bar at any
desired position along its length.
•2 or 3 square slots are made radially in the body.
•Cutters are fitted in these slots and are secured
in position by means of set screw.
•This head reduces machininig time due to
larger number of cutting edges.
 Boring tool mounting for horizontal boring m/c.
2. Facing Head :
 The facing heads are mounted on the end of the spindle.
 It consisits of a flange provided with diametrical slide-ways in
which the tool carrying the bracket may be adjusted.
 The bracket may be fed radially or located and clamped at
desired position.
 The facing head enables enlarging of large diameter holes,
facing and extrnal turning operatins.
1. Horizontal boring machine.
(a) Table type
1. Horizontal boring machine.
(a) Table type.
It consists of following parts.
 Two vertical columns on each end of bed.
 A Headstock is mounted on the main column and it can be moved
vertically.
 A load bearing end support for long bar which can be adjusted
vertically on the end support column.
 A horizontal spindle, housed in the headstock, can be rotated and
fed forward and backward.
 Horizontal table, mounted on the saddle, that can be moved
horizontally forward and backward and also sideways by moving the
saddle.
 A heavy and strong bed, which supports all the above parts.
 (b) Floor type :
 It has no table.
 It consists of stationary floor- plate having T-slots to hold the w/p.
 The headstock supporting column and end supporting column are
placed on separate runways.
 Thus any crosswise adjustment is given to the spindle itself through
these runways .
 Work piece is kept stationary.
 (c) Planer type:
 The cross bed incorporated between spindle and end support
columns.
 The table slides directly on this bed insted of saddle and reciprocates
at right angles to the spindle.
 The columns can be adjusted towards and away from the table to
accomodated the different widths of work.
 It is suitable for long work.
 (d) Multihead type:
 The m/c resembles to double housing planer or a plano-miller.
 The two columns are on two sides of bed and are bridge by a cross
rail.
 It may have two, three or four spindle heads on the column and
cross rail.
 The table is mounted on a long bed on which it reciprocates.
 This m/c can be used for both horizontal and vertical boring.
Vertical boring machine :

a. Standard Vertical boring machine :

a.Standard Vertical boring machine :
 Work is held on a rotary table.
 It rotates together with table in horizontal plane.
 Tool remains stationary except for feeding.
 Thus it may be considered as vertical lathe, in which the bed is headstock resting
on the floor and table is replaced by chuck or face plate.
 The tool heads are mounted on the cross rail which may be adjusted up and down.
 Tool heads have provisions for being swivelled to an angle of 60° for taking angular
cuts.
 used for boring large, cylindrical and symmetrical w/ps.
b. Vertical Turret Lathe:
 This machine is the combination of vertical boring mill as well as the turret lathe.
 It consists of an indexable turret mounted upon the cross rail above the table for
multiple tooling.
 The turret head can be moved cross wise and can be indexed after each operation
to bring the proper tool in position for next operation.
 Two side tool posts can be mounted on each column and can be adjusted
vertically and can be moved forward and backward.
 The table of the machine is rotary type and carries
adjustable jaws for clamping the
work piece.
 Thus a large no. of operations can
be performed in addition to
boring in a single set of work.
Vertical Boring Machine operations :
Operation Description Diagram
Machining flat surfaces • Ram and cross rail is locked at
desired position
• Saddle is fed cross wise
• Work revolves on the table.
• Depth of cut is given by ram.

Turning Cylindrical surfaces • Saddle is clamped to prevent

any horizontal movement of
ram
• Ram is fed dowmwards.

Cutting Off and Necking • It is done by cross feed

Operations movement of the saddle.

Boring by Tool Head • Larger diameter holes are

bored by feeding the tool head
directly in the work.
Vertical Boring Machine operations :
Operation Description Diagram
Boring by boring bar • Smell diameter holes are bore
by using boring bar attached to
the tool head.

Taper Boring or Taper • Conical or Taper surfaces are

Turning turned by swivelling the tool
head to the required angle.
• It is done by cross feed
movement of the saddle.
• When included angle is large
beyond the range, a combined
cross and down feed is applied
simultaneously on the tool.
Jig boring m/c
3. Jig boring m/c:
a) Vertical Milling machine type :
 It resembles to the vertical milling m/c.
 It is a specially designed machine tool used for precision location
and production of holes in jigs, fixtures, templates, dies, gauges etc.
 A saddle is mounted on the horizontal ways on the top of the base
to give horizontal feed to the work.
 The table is mounted on the saddle which can move at right angles
to the movement of the saddle.
 Vertical adjustment of the tool to the work is made by moving the
spindle head up and down.
 These m/cs have high degree of accuracy, low thermal expansion,
and precise distance measuring means for accurate locating of holes.
 The machining accuracy is very high upto 0.0025 mm,
 This m/c requires to be operated in a tempratre controlled rooms
where the tepm. is maintained constant.
 This is essential to prevent in accuracy in m/c and in the work due to
thermal expansion of the table.
b) Planer type Jig boring m/c:
 It consists of two vertical columns at the two sides of table and is
mounted on the base.
 The spindle is mounted on the cross rail bridging the two vertical
columns.
 Thus in this machine two co-ordinate movements for hole location
are provided by longitudinal movement of the table and cross
movement of the spindle along the cross rail.