CH 1-Prevention Practice

PREVENTION PRACTICE
A HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE FOR PHYSICAL THERAPY

HEALTH
DEFINITIONS
o The state of being happy , healthy and prosperous.
( WEBSTER DICTIONARY)
o A state of complete physical , mental and social well
being , and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
(WHO)
o A quality of life involving dynamic interaction and
independence among on individual’s physical well-being ,
his mental state and emotional reactions and the social
complex in which he exists. ( COMMUNITY HEALTH
AND EDUCATION AND PROMOTION MANUAL)
OPTIMAL HEALTH:
A balance of physical, mental and social health.
Optimal health can be facilitated as follow:
 Enhance self-awareness, and knowledge of healthy
habits.
 Change behaviors that interfere with good health.
 Create environment that support good health
practices.
POOR HEALTH
PHYSICAL AILMENTS ACUTE AND CHRONIC

DISABILITIES
MENTAL ISSUES
LIMITING INDEPENDENT FUNCTIONING
Poor health has significant impact on the – individual

-family –community and –society.
WELLNESS
Often used synoynmously with health but is a more
comprehensive construct.
DEFINITION:
Wellness is an active process of becoming aware of and
making choices towards a more successful existence.
(NATIONAL WELLNESS INSTITUTE)
In other words, wellness is an active , lifelong process
process of becoming aware of choices and making
decisions towards a more balance and fulfilling life.
Wellness integrates mental , social , occupational ,
emotional , spiritual and physical dimensions of one’s
life and reflects how one feels about life as well as one’s
ability to function effectively.
According to the System Theory Of Wellness: There are
multiple dimensions of wellness having sub-elements
which make up the larger system.
When one dimension of wellness is disrupted such as
If a person gets injured in an accident , other
dimensions of wellness reciprocally interrelated to
that dimension are also disrupted.
Corbin , Lindsay and Welk described six dimensions of
wellness.
1. Physical wellness
2. Spiritual wellness
3. Social wellness
4. Psychological wellness
5. Emotional wellness
6. Intellectual wellness
Howard Clinebell, a theologian, proposed a seven
dimensional more comprehensive structure:
Which consists of:
1. Spiritual Well-Being Dimension
2. Mental Well-Being Dimension
3. Physical Well-Being Dimension
4. Relationship Well-Being Dimension
5. Work Well-Being Dimension
6. Play Well-Being Dimension
7. Well-Being Of Our World Dimension
MODELS OF WELLNESS
TRAVIS ILLNESS WELLNESS CONTINUUM
ARDELL’S MODEL OF WELLNESS:
QUALITY OF LIFE
Ability to lead a normal life to the fulfillment of personal
goals and self-actualization.
“The individuals perception of their positions in life,
in the context of cultural and value systems in which
they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations,
standards, and concerns.” (WHO)
Quality of life measures ‘health profiles’ as described by
one assessment called the SF-36
This assessment consists of eight points:
1. Limitations in physical activities because of health
problems.
2. Limitations in social activities because of physical
and emotional problems.
3. Limitations in usual role activities because of
physical health problems.
4. Bodily pain.
5. General mental health.
6. Limitations in usual role activities because of
emotional problems.
7. Vitality ( energy and fatigue).
8. General health perceptions.
QALY “Quality adjusted life years”
A year in perfect health is considered equal to 1.0 QALY.
To measure it:-
For example: A year during which the individual was
bedridden for 6 months might have a value equal to
0.5 QALY.
HOLISTIC HEALTH
“WHOLE PERSON AND THE WHOLE SITUATION”
(American Holistic Health Association)
The following factors infleunce it:
 Identifying and managing the root causes of disease
processes.
 Empowering the individual to manage these pathological
processes.
 Providing a comprehensive perspective of the individual
in multiple social roles.
(Please follow table 1-3 of “chapter 1” pg 8 of recommended
book)
Prevention Practice
It promotes health, fitness and wellness through
education and appropriate guidance in order to delay
the progression of pathology.
It aims to minimize the impairments and functional
limitations.
It has 3 types: (According to Guide to physical therapist
practice)
1. PRIMARY PREVENTION
2. SECONDARY PREVENTION
3. TERTIARY PREVENTION
Holistic Medicine Conventional Medicine
Based on the integration of allopathic (MD), Based on allopathic medicine
Philosophy osteopathic (DO), naturopathic (ND), energy,
and ethno-medicine
Primary Objective of Care To promote optimal health and as a by-

product, to prevent and treat disease To cure or mitigate disease .
Primary Method of Care Empower patients to heal themselves by

addressing the causes of their disease and
Focus on the elimination of physical
symptoms.
facilitating lifestyle changes through health
promotion
Evaluate the whole person through holistic Evaluate the body with history, physical exam,
Diagnosis medical history, holistic health score sheet,
physical exam, lab data lab data .
Love applied to body, mind, and spirit with: Drugs and surgery
Primary Care diet, exercise, environmental measures,
Treatment Options attitudinal and behavioral modifications,
relationship and spiritual counseling,
bioenergy enhancement
Botanical (herbal) medicine, homeopathy, Diet, exercise, physical therapy, and stress
Secondary Care acupuncture, manual medicine, biomolecular management
Treatment Options therapies, physical therapy, drugs, and surgery
Shortage of holistic physicians and training Ineffective in preventing and curing chronic
Weaknesses programs; time-intensive, requiring a disease; expensive
commitment to a healing process, not a quick-
fix .
Teaches patients to take responsibility for Highly therapeutic in treating both acute and
Strengths their own health, and in so doing is: cost- life-threatening illness and injuries
effective in treating both acute and chronic
illness; therapeutic in preventing and treating
chronic disease; essential in creating optimal
health

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What are the different models of wellness discussed in the document?

What are the different types of prevention practice mentioned?

PREVENTION PRACTICE

A HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE FOR PHYSICAL THERAPY

PHYSICAL AILMENTS ACUTE AND CHRONIC

LIMITING INDEPENDENT FUNCTIONING

Poor health has significant impact on the – individual

Primary Objective of Care To promote optimal health and as a by-

Primary Method of Care Empower patients to heal themselves by

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