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    Narration and How To Change Direct Speech Into Indirect Speech

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    Arif's Edu Care - AEC
    Here are the indirect versions of the reported speeches: 1. Prabir advised Kabir not to tell lies. 2. Maisha told her mother that she had been studying since evening. 3. Zarif asked him if he had completed his homework. 4. Musa wished me that my mother might come round soon. 5. She told her teacher that alas, she had forgotten to bring her diary.

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    Narration and How To Change Direct Speech Into Indirect Speech

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    Arif's Edu Care - AEC
    833 views25 pages
    Here are the indirect versions of the reported speeches: 1. Prabir advised Kabir not to tell lies. 2. Maisha told her mother that she had been studying since evening. 3. Zarif asked him if he had completed his homework. 4. Musa wished me that my mother might come round soon. 5. She told her teacher that alas, she had forgotten to bring her diary.

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    Narration

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    Here are the indirect versions of the reported speeches: 1. Prabir advised Kabir not to tell lies. 2. Maisha told her mother that she had been studying since evening. 3. Zarif asked him if he had completed his homework. 4. Musa wished me that my mother might come round soon. 5. She told her teacher that alas, she had forgotten to bring her diary.

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    833 views25 pages

    Narration and How To Change Direct Speech Into Indirect Speech

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    Arif's Edu Care - AEC
    Here are the indirect versions of the reported speeches: 1. Prabir advised Kabir not to tell lies. 2. Maisha told her mother that she had been studying since evening. 3. Zarif asked him if he had completed his homework. 4. Musa wished me that my mother might come round soon. 5. She told her teacher that alas, she had forgotten to bring her diary.

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    Narration and How to

    change Direct speech


    into Indirect speech
    by
    Arifur Rahman Shamim
    IELTS, Spoken English, Phonetics, English
    Grammar, Teachers Training, Public Speaking,
    Positive Parenting Trainer
    Founder & Director –
    ESOL Bangladesh &
    Arif’s Edu Care (AEC)
    Prerequisite to Narration
    A learner must know 12 structures of Tense.

    সোনার হরিণ

    Tense জানা আছে


    তো???
    What is Narration???
     Narration generally means any kind of
    explaining or telling of something.
     Narration is the use of a written or spoken
    commentary to convey a story to an audience.
     Narration means telling a story.
    Direct Speech
    The speech quoted in the exact words of the
    speaker is a Direct Speech or Direct Narration.
    It is always written within inverted commas.

    Example: Arif Sir said to us, “It is water-like


    easy to learn narration.”
    Indirect Speech
    Indirect speech is a means of expressing the
    content of statements, questions or other
    utterances, without quoting them explicitly as
    is done in direct speech.

    For example, He said "I'm coming" is


    direct speech, whereas He said (that) he was
    coming is indirect speech.
    Before Changing:

    You must know or identify:


    1. Reporting Verb or RV
    2. Reported Speech or RS
    Arif Sir said to us, “It is water-like easy to learn
    narration.”

    Arif Sir said “It is water-like easy


    to us, to learn narration.”
    Reporting Verb Reported Speech
    Where Change Occurs:

    Arif Sir said to “It is water-like easy


    to learn narration.”
    us,
    Tense
    According to sentence Person
    type, the verb changes Particular Words
    keeping the same tense
    When to change the Tense of RS
    You cannot change the Tense of RS if:
    1. The RV is in Present Tense
    2. The RV is in Future Tense

    You can change the Tense of RS


    when the RV is in Past Tense.
    Rules of Changing Tense
    RS যদি থাকে RS পরিবর্তি ত হবে
    Present Simple Tense Past Simple Tense

    Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense

    Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense

    Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous


    Tense Tense
    Rules of Changing Tense
    RS যদি থাকে RS পরিবর্তি ত হবে
    Past Simple Tense Past Perfect Tense

    Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense

    Past Perfect Tense No Change

    Past Perfect Continuous Tense No Change


    Rules of Changing Person
     RS এর First Person (I, We) RV এর Subject
    অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তি ত হয়
     RS এর Second Person (You) RV এর Object
    অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তি ত হয়
     RS এর Third Person (He, She & any name)
    অপরিবর্তি ত থাকে
    Examples

     Arif Sir said to us, “I teach English easily.”


    he taught English easily
     Arif Sir said to us, “You wasted your chances.”
    we had wasted our chances.
     Arif Sir said to us, “He is learning English.”
    he was learning English.
    Particular Words
    N.B. – সবসময় পরিবর্তি ত হয়
    Yesterday The previous day
    Tomorrow The following day
    Today That day
    Now Then
    This That
    It That
    Steps to Remember
     Identify the RV and RS

    Check the Tense of the RV

    IF the RV is in Past Tense, decide to


    change the tense of the RS (follow the
    rules of changing Tense)
    Direct to Indirect
    RV according to sentence type:
    Assertive – say, said, tell, told
    Interrogative – ask, asked, inquire, inquired
    Imperative – request, requested, order, ordered
    Optative – wish, wished, pray, prayed
    Exclamatory – exclaim with joy/sorrow,
    exclaimed with joy/sorrow
    Changing Comma (,)
    Assertive – comma (,) এর পরিবর্তে that হয়

    Interrogative - comma (,) এর পরিবর্তে


    if/whether হয়
    [N.B – RS যদি wh/h দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তবে if/whether না বসে
    wh/h word টি শুরুতে বসে]
    Changing Comma (,)
    Imperative - comma (,) এর পরিবর্তে to/not

    to/that হয়

    Optative - comma (,) এর পরিবর্তে that হয়

    Exclamatory - comma (,) এর পরিবর্তে that হয়


    Exercises
    1. Maisha said to Maliha, “Hurrah! We won the match finally.”
    Ans. Maisha exclaimed with joy to Maliha that they had won
    the match finally.
    2. Shuva said to Earthy, “May you kill the monster in your dream and
    cross the river.”
    Ans. Shuva wished to Earthy that she (E) might kill the
    monster in her (E) dream and cross the river.
    3. Farhan said to Ta-seen, “Let’s complete our homework first and
    then watch a movie.”
    Ans: Farhan proposed to Ta-seen that they should complete
    their homework first and then watch a movie.
    Exercises
    4. Sara said to Zaara, “Why did you leave our school, fool?”
    Ans: Addressing Zaara as fool, Sara asked her why she (Z) had
    left their school.
    5. Arafat said to Yasin, “We wasted our opportunity and class
    IX became champion.”
    Ans: Arafat told Yasin that they had wasted their opportunity
    and class IX had become champion.
    6. Zamil said to him, “Were you shouting a moment ago?”
    Ans: Zamil asked him if he had been shouting a moment ago.
    Exercises
    7. She said," What a tall boy you are !”
    Ans: She exclaimed with wonder/surprise that
    I/He/She/You was/were a tall boy.
    8. The teacher said," Rose smells sweet .”
    Ans: The teacher told that rose smells sweet.
    9. I said to my teacher," Good morning, sir.”
    Ans: I wished my teacher good morning.
    Exercises
    10. Mona said to me," You know me, don't you?”
    Ans: Mona asked me whether I knew her.
    11. She said to her neighbour," May you die soon!”
    Ans: She cursed her neighbour that he/she might die
    soon.
    12. Tom said to Mary," Don't take me for granted.”
    Ans: Tom advised Mary not to take him for granted.
    13. She said," Well, I can do this work.“
    Ans: She told that she could do that work.
    Exercises
    1. Prabir said to Kabir, “Do not tell lies.”
    2. Maisha said to her mother, “I have been
    studying since evening.”
    3. Zarif said to him, “Did you complete your home
    work?”
    4. Musa said to me, “May your mother come
    round soon.”
    5. She said to her teacher, “Alas! I forgot to bring
    my diary.”
    Exercises

    • She said to me ," I like you very much."

    • I said to her," Why do you like me ?"

    • Rudra said to Kinjal," Are you stupid ?"


    • Kinjal said to her father," Bring me a car."

    • John said to me ," Do you know where he is ?"


    Exercises

    • The students said," Alas ! We are fail again."


    • Kinjal said ," Hurrah ! I have won the scholarship "
    • The teacher says," Rose smells sweet ."

    • I said to him," When I went there, he was


    sleeping.“
    • She said," What a tall boy you are !"
    Exercises

    • She said to me," I had been waiting for you for


    two hours."
    • I said," Well, you have completed this task."

    • Jessy said to Harley," May I borrow your book?"

    • I said to my teacher," Good morning, sir."

    • Mona said to me," You know me, don't you?"

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