Fdocuments - in Bearing

Presentation
On
Rolling Contact Bearing
Budhaditya Goswami
Mechanical 3rd Year
09/ME/53
Future Institute of Engineering
and Management
CONTENTS
1) What is a Bearing?
2) Classification of Bearing.
3) Types of Rolling Contact Bearing.
4) Selection of Bearing type.
5) Equivalent Bearing Load.
6) Load-life Relationship.
7) Bearing Failure.
8) Designation.
9) Applications.
What is a Bearing ?
A bearing is a mechanical element that
permits relative motion between two
parts, such as the shaft and the
housing, with minimum friction. The
functions of bearing are-
1)The bearing ensures free rotation of

the shaft or the axle with minimum
friction.
2)The bearing supports the shaft or

the axle and holds it in correct
position.
3)The bearing takes up the forces that

act on the shaft or the axle and
transmits them to the frame or the
foundation.
Classification of Bearing
1) Depending upon the direction of force that acts on the bearings-
• Radial Bearing that supports the load which is perpendicular to the

axis of the shaft.
• Thrust Bearing that supports the load which acts along the axis of the
shaft.
2) Depending upon the type of friction between the shaft and the bearing surface-
• Sliding Contact Bearing where the shaft slides over the surface of the
bush resulting in friction and wear which can be reduced by a film of
lubricating oil.
• Rolling Contact Bearing where rolling elements, such as balls or rollers
are introduced between the surfaces that are in relative motion.
Types of Rolling Contact Bearing
1) Ball Bearings:
Deep Groove Angular Contact Self-Aligning

2) Roller Bearings:
Cylindrical Roller
Needle Roller Tapered Roller
Spherical Roller
3) Thrust Bearings:
Ball Thrust Bearing Roller Thrust Bearing

Selection Of Bearing-Type
The guidelines for selecting a proper type of bearing are as follows:-
 For low and medium radial loads, ball bearings are used, whereas for heavy loads
roller bearings are selected.
 Self-aligning ball bearings and spherical roller bearings are used in applications
where a misalignment between the axes of the shaft and housing is likely to exist.
 Thrust ball bearings are used for medium thrust loads whereas for heavy thrust
loads, cylindrical roller thrust bearings are used.
 Deep groove ball bearings, angular contact bearings and spherical roller bearings
are used in applications where the load acting on the bearing has two components-
radial and thrust.
Static Load Carrying Capacity of a bearing is defined as
the static load which corresponds to a total permanent
deformation of balls and races, at the most heavily stressed
point of contact, equal to 0.0001 of the ball diameter.
Dynamic Load Carrying Capacity of a bearing is defined

as the radial load in radial bearings that can be carried for
a minimum life of one million revolutions.
Equivalent Bearing Load
The equivalent dynamic load is defined as the constant radial load in radial
bearings (or thrust load in thrust bearings), that if applied to the bearing would
give same life as that which the bearing will attain under actual condition of forces.
The expression or the equivalent dynamic load is written as,
P=XVF(r) + YF(a)
where,
P= equivalent dynamic load(N)
F(r)= radial load(N)
F(a)= axial or thrust load(N)
V= race-rotation factor
X & Y are radial and thrust factors respectively.
Load-Life Relationship
The relationship between the dynamic load carrying capacity, the
equivalent dynamic load and the bearing life is given by,
L(10)=( C/P )^p

Where,
L(10)= rated bearing life(in million revolution)
C= dynamic load capacity(N)
p= 3(for ball bearings)
p= 10/3(for roller bearings)
Rearranging,
C=P[L(10)]^1/p
Bearing Failure
The principal types of surface wear are:-
 Abrasive wear: It occurs when the

bearing is made to operate in an environment
with dust, foreign particles, rust or spatter.
 Corrosive wear: The corrosion of the

surface of bearing parts is caused by the entry
of water or moisture and also corrosive
elements present in the extreme pressure
additives that are added in the lubricating oil.
This results in fine wear uniformly distributed
over the entire surface.
Continued...
 Pitting: It is a surface fatigue failure that
occurs when the load on the bearing part
exceeds the surface endurance strength of the
material. This type of failure is characterized
by pits, which continue to grow resulting in
complete destruction of the bearing surface.
 Scoring: Excessive surface pressure, high

surface speed and inadequate supply of
lubricant result in breakdown of the lubricant
film. This results in excessive frictional heat
and overheating at the contacting surfaces.
Scoring is a stick-slip phenomenon, in which
alternate welding and shearing takes place
rapidly at high spots.
Designation
The main designation is a seven digit number with optional alphanumeric digits
before or after to define additional parameters. Here the digits will be defined as:
7654321.
Digits one and two together are used to define the inner diameter (ID), or bore
diameter of the bearing. For diameters between 20 and 495, the designation is
multiplied by five to give the ID; e.g. designation 08 is a 40 mm ID. For inner
diameters less than 20 the following designations are used: 00 = 10 mm ID,
01 = 12 mm ID, 02 = 15 mm ID, and 03 = 17 mm ID. The third digit defines the
"diameter series", which defines the outer diameter (OD). The diameter series,
defined in ascending order is: 0, 8, 9, 1, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
0) Ball radial single-row 1) Ball radial spherical double-row

2) Roller radial with short cylindrical rollers 3) Roller radial spherical double-row
4) Roller needle or with long cylindrical rollers 5) Roller radial with spiral rollers
6) Ball radial-thrust single-row 7) Roller tapered
8) Ball thrust, ball thrust-radial 9) Roller thrust or thrust-radial
Continued....
The fourth digit defines the type of bearing. The fifth and sixth digit define
structural modifications to the bearing. For example, on radial thrust bearings the
digits define the contact angle, or the presence of seals on any bearing type. The
seventh digit defines the "width series", or thickness, of the bearing. The width
series, defined from lightest to heaviest, is: 7, 8, 9, 0, 1 (extra light series), 2
(light series), 3 (medium series), 4 (heavy series). The third digit and the seventh
digit define the "dimensional series" of the bearing.
Applications of Rolling Contact Bearing
Rolling Contact Bearings are used in following
applications:-
 Machine tool spindles.
 Automobile front and rear axle.
 Gear boxes.
 Small size electric motors.
 Rope sheave, crane hook and hoisting drum.

REFERENCES
 Design of Machine Elements- V.B.Bhandari
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_bearing
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-
element_bearing
Thank You ...

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Presentation

1)The bearing ensures free rotation of

2)The bearing supports the shaft or

3)The bearing takes up the forces that

• Radial Bearing that supports the load which is perpendicular to the

Deep Groove Angular Contact Self-Aligning

Needle Roller Tapered Roller

Ball Thrust Bearing Roller Thrust Bearing

Dynamic Load Carrying Capacity of a bearing is defined

L(10)=( C/P )^p

The principal types of surface wear are:-

 Abrasive wear: It occurs when the

 Corrosive wear: The corrosion of the

 Scoring: Excessive surface pressure, high

0) Ball radial single-row 1) Ball radial spherical double-row

 Automobile front and rear axle.

 Small size electric motors.

 Rope sheave, crane hook and hoisting drum.

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