Abs - DRK

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING
SYSTEM (ABS)
16AU415 – ATVS Unit – 1 Introduction Examples of Autonomy - ABS Prepared by Mr. D. Rajesh Kumar, AP/Auto
INTRODUCTION
• The purpose of the brakes is to slow down,

stop or hold the vehicle as desired by the
driver.
• Brakes convert kinetic energy into heat by
creating friction.
SYSTEM BASICS
• The brake pedal is applied
mechanically by the foot of the
driver.
• This allows a pushrod to be
pushed linearly in and out of its
master cylinder.
• This pushes brake fluid into the
brake lines which provide the
necessary force to the brake shoes
or pads.
• Hydraulic actuation allows
multiplication of pedal force.
STOPPING DISTANCE
NORMAL STOPPING
STOPPING IN RAIN – 50%
STOPPING IN SNOW – TWICE NORMAL
STOPPING ON ICE – THREE TIMES NORMAL DISTANCE
WHAT IS ABS?
(ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM)
• Also known as Anti-Skid
Braking System.
• ABS means a portion of a service
brake system that automatically
controls the degree of rotational
wheel slip during braking.
• ABS detects if one or more of the
tires are slipping and then
accordingly reduces the braking
force on those tires.
ORIGIN OF ABS
ABS was first developed for the Jet

Aircrafts where the landing
speeds/weights are high and Runway
lengths often wet and limited.
It's been since perfected to the extent

that the Pilot can today touch down
with the Brake Pedal 'fully home', w/o
fearing any skidding of the Aircraft,
and bring it to a safe halt.
PURPOSE OF ABS
• Anti-lock braking systems works by making sure the wheels roll without
slipping.
• A locked (sliding) wheel offers less braking force than a decelerating
rolling wheel.
• The locked wheel also produces little lateral force, preventing steering
control.
• ABS monitor wheel lock-up and modulate brake pressure to provide
controlled braking under most circumstances.
PURPOSE OF ABS
• ABS reduces stopping distances by not allowing the wheels to lock up,
especially under slippery road conditions.
• Since the wheels are rolling, the driver has steering control during
braking.
• Wheel speed sensors monitor each wheel speed.
• ABS controller and high-pressure pump increase or reduce pressure to
wheels in order to maintain consistent wheel speeds.
HOW DOES ABS PREVENT WHEEL
LOCK UP?
• The ABS pump valve system blocks the hydraulic pressure in

the lines and releases it as required.
• ABS can pump the brakes 18 times per second, compared to a
maximum of 5 times per second for professional drivers.
• The rapid pumping keeps the pressure on the rotor close to the
threshold of lock up.
ABS SYSTEM DIAGRAM
ABS is combined with the conventional braking system and located

between the master cylinder and wheel cylinders.
TYPES OF ABS
Anti-lock braking systems use different schemes depending on

the type of brakes in use. We will refer to them by the number of
channels:
- that is, how many valves that are individually controlled
and the number of speed sensors.
1.Four-channel, four-sensor ABS
2.Three-channel, three-sensor ABS
3.One-channel, one-sensor ABS
ABS COMPONENT LAYOUT
WHEEL SPEED SENSORS
WHEEL SPEED SENSORS
• A wheel speed sensor is mounted

at each wheel and sends a wheel
rotation signal to the ABS ECU.
• The front wheel sensors are
mounted to the steering knuckle.
• The rear wheel sensors are
mounted to the rear axle carrier.
ABS ACTUATION
• The actuator controls the hydraulic brake pressure to each disc

brake caliper or wheel cylinder based on input from the system
sensors, thereby controlling wheel speed.
• These solenoids provide three operating modes during ABS
operation:
– Pressure holding
– Pressure reduction
– Pressure increase
ABS ADVANTAGES
• Enhanced Braking Action.

• Vehicle Steer-ability.
• Vehicle Stability.
• Stopping Distance.
With ABS…Do
• Add to your following distance in bad

weather.
• Practice use of ABS.
• Keep your foot firmly on the brake.
• Check owner’s manual for special
concerns.
With ABS… Do Not
• Drive more aggressively.

• Pump the brakes.
• Steer too much.

• Be alarmed by ABS noise or vibration.

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ANTI-LOCK BRAKING

• The purpose of the brakes is to slow down,

STOPPING IN RAIN – 50%

STOPPING IN SNOW – TWICE NORMAL

STOPPING ON ICE – THREE TIMES NORMAL DISTANCE

ABS was first developed for the Jet

It's been since perfected to the extent

• The ABS pump valve system blocks the hydraulic pressure in

ABS is combined with the conventional braking system and located

Anti-lock braking systems use different schemes depending on

• A wheel speed sensor is mounted

• The actuator controls the hydraulic brake pressure to each disc

• Enhanced Braking Action.

• Add to your following distance in bad

• Drive more aggressively.

• Steer too much.

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