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    Stress in Machine Elements

    Uploaded by

    thirumalaikumaran
    - Stresses develop in machine elements due to applied loads and are considered in design to ensure the elements can withstand the stresses without yielding. - Different machine elements experience different types of stresses, such as bending stresses in lever arms, shear and bearing stresses in hinge pins, and shear stresses in springs. - Proper design of cross-sections and materials is needed based on the stresses induced in each element.

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    Stress in Machine Elements

    Uploaded by

    thirumalaikumaran
    53 views18 pages
    - Stresses develop in machine elements due to applied loads and are considered in design to ensure the elements can withstand the stresses without yielding. - Different machine elements experience different types of stresses, such as bending stresses in lever arms, shear and bearing stresses in hinge pins, and shear stresses in springs. - Proper design of cross-sections and materials is needed based on the stresses induced in each element.

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    Stress in machine elements

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    Stress in machine elements

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    - Stresses develop in machine elements due to applied loads and are considered in design to ensure the elements can withstand the stresses without yielding. - Different machine elements experience different types of stresses, such as bending stresses in lever arms, shear and bearing stresses in hinge pins, and shear stresses in springs. - Proper design of cross-sections and materials is needed based on the stresses induced in each element.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views18 pages

    Stress in Machine Elements

    Uploaded by

    thirumalaikumaran
    - Stresses develop in machine elements due to applied loads and are considered in design to ensure the elements can withstand the stresses without yielding. - Different machine elements experience different types of stresses, such as bending stresses in lever arms, shear and bearing stresses in hinge pins, and shear stresses in springs. - Proper design of cross-sections and materials is needed based on the stresses induced in each element.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Stresses in machine elements

    - Stresses are developed in machine elements due to applied load


    - machine design ensures the elements can sustain the induced stresses without yielding.

    - design of the spring ,ensure the force P at the


    lever
    end B.
    - The stresses developed in sections AB and AC
    decide the optimum cross-section of the lever
    for thedesign
    -hinge material
    depends on the stresses developed
    due to the reaction forces at A.

    Types of stresses are developed in different


    elements:
    Simple lever subjected to forces at ends • Lever arms AB and AC - Bending stresses
    • Hinge pin - Shear and bearing stresses.
    • Spring - Shear stress.
    - state of stress at a point ,stress distribution,
    simple
    loads & stresses
     

    Stress distribution uniform/linear

    2
    loss of stability

    Buckling

    elastic/ plastic

    3
    Tensile test
    Load  deformation
    stress – strain diagrams

    ductile – carbon steel rigid – cast iron

    4
    simplifyed material models

    elasto-plastic rigid

    5
    test YS ReH

    UTS Rm
    UTS

    YS
    real
    eng.

      6
    strain hardening

    7
    elastic properties

    elastic (Young) modulus: E [MPa]


    (Hooke’s law s = Ee)
    shear modulus: G [MPa] (t = Gg)

    8
    main static properties
    elastic limit Rp0.2
    yield strength ReH
    ultimate tensile strength Rm
    maximal strain A
    hardness HHB…
    Charpy (V-notch) test Kcu

    9
    Influencing factor – (not only) static load

    Stress concentration

    shape factor
    αk > 1

    10
    sudden area changes

    11
    Periodic stresses
    fatique

    propagating crack – final static break


    12
    90-95% of all failures!
    Wöhler- curve

    Rm

     fatique limit
     N > 106

    load cycles

    many factors - stohastic phenomenon


    13
    types of varying load
    Fatique limits σv σr

     min
    r cycle assymetry ratio
     max
    m
    v cycle mean stress ratio
     max 14
    Influencing factors – fatique strength

    size

    surface roughness

    15
    notch sensitivity ηk (0.5-1.0 )

    16
    Stress concentration factor βk
    k  1
    k    σaver.
    k  1

    stress conc.
    sensitivity
    shape

    17
    Safety factor (SF; n)
    • importance of
    • load, material…
    element
    • manufacture
    • material testing
    • calculations

    n>1 (1.15 ~ 8-10!)

    18

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