Agile Software Development: Dr. Zaigham Mushtaq

A GILE S O F T W A R E
D E V E LO P M E N T
DR. ZAIGHAM MUSHTAQ

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF
MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY.
DEPUTY DIRECTOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, NATIONAL
TRANSMISSION & DESPATCH COMPANY
WHAT IS AGILE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
• Agile software development is an approach to software development
under which requirements and solutions evolve through the
collaborative effort of self-organizing and cross-functional teams
and their customer(s)/end user(s).
• It advocates adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early
delivery, and continual improvement, and it encourages rapid and
flexible response to change.
AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Agile software development is a group of software development

methods in which requirements and solutions evolve through
collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams. In
simple word step-by-step.
“Agile Development” is an umbrella term for several iterative

and incremental software development methodologies.
METHODOLOGIES
The most popular agile include
• Extreme Programming (XP),
• Scrum,
• Crystal,
• Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM),
• Lean Development, and
• Feature-Driven Development (FDD).
METHODOLOGIES
Extreme Programming (XP)
It is a more radical Agile methodology, focusing on the
software development process and addressing the analysis,
development and test phases with novel approaches aimed at
making a substantial difference to the quality of the end
product.
METHODOLOGIES
SCRUM
SCRUM is also an Agile Development method, which
concentrates particularly on how to manage tasks within a
team-based development environment.
METHODOLOGIES
Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)
DSDM is probably the most complete Agile methodology,
whereas SCRUM and XP are easier to implement and
complementary because they tackle different aspects of
development projects and are both founded on the same
principles of Agile Development.
MANIFESTO FOR AGILE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
The Agile Manifesto (www.agilemanifesto.org) is a set of guiding

values and principles that have been shown to be valuable in
software development.
MANIFESTO FOR AGILE SOFTWARE
DEVELOPMENT
• Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
• Working software over comprehensive documentation
• Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
• Responding to change over following a plan
INDIVIDUALS AND INTERACTIONS OVER
PROCESSES AND TOOLS
• People make biggest impact on success

• Process and environment help, but will not create success
• Strong individuals not enough without good team interaction.
• Individuals may be stronger based on their ability to work on a team
• Tools can help, but bigger and better tools can hinder more than help
• Simpler tools can be better
WORKING SOFTWARE OVER COMPREHENSIVE
DOCUMENTATION
• Documentation important, but too much is worse than too little
• Long time to produce, keep in sync with code
• Keep documents short and salient
• Focus effort on producing code, not descriptions of it
• Code should document itself
• Knowledge of code kept within the team
• Produce no document unless its need is immediate and significant.
CUSTOMER COLLABORATION OVER CONTRACT
NEGOTIATION
• Not reasonable to specify what’s needed and then have no more

contact until final product delivered
• Get regular customer feedback
• Use contracts to specify customer interaction rather than
requirements, schedule, and cost
RESPONDING TO CHANGE OVER FOLLOWING A PLAN
• Environment, requirements, and estimates of work required will

change over course of large project.
• Planning out a whole project doesn’t hold up
– Changes in shape, not just in time
• Keep planning realistic
– Know tasks for next couple of weeks
– Rough idea of requirements to work on next few months
– Vague sense of what needs to be done over year
PRINCIPLES OF AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
1. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and

continuous delivery of valuable software.
2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development. Agile
processes harness change for the customer's competitive
advantage.
3. Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a
couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale.
4. Business people and developers must work together daily

throughout the project.
5. Build projects around motivated individuals. Give them the
environment and support they need, and trust them to get the job
done.
6. The most efficient and effective method of conveying information
to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation.
7. Working software is the primary measure of progress.

8. Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors,
developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace
indefinitely.
9. Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design
enhances agility.
10. Simplicity: the art of maximizing the amount of work not done--is
essential.
11. The best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from
self-organizing teams.
12. At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more
effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly.

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A GILE S O F T W A R E

DR. ZAIGHAM MUSHTAQ

Agile software development is a group of software development

“Agile Development” is an umbrella term for several iterative

The Agile Manifesto (www.agilemanifesto.org) is a set of guiding

• People make biggest impact on success

• Not reasonable to specify what’s needed and then have no more

• Environment, requirements, and estimates of work required will

1. Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and

4. Business people and developers must work together daily

7. Working software is the primary measure of progress.

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