Data Communication and Networks: Assignment # 2 Comparative Study

Data Communication and
Networks
ASSIGNMENT # 2
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Haris Lania (18B-089-CS)

Muaz Bin Salman (18B-112-CS)
Muhammad Bilal ul Haque (18B-120-CS)
MAIN ARTICLE
“STUDY ON ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY”
Chellappa, Muthu & Madasamy, Shanmugaraj & Prabakaran, R... (2011). Study on ZigBee technology. 297-301.
10.1109/ICECTECH.2011.5942102, Available:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261497749_Study_on_ZigBee_technology
REFERENCE ARTICLE
“A SURVEY ON ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY”
Neha Roy M.Tech Scholar, Computer Science Engineering, Galgotias College of
Engineering & Technology,Greater Noida, (India)
INTRODUCTION
MAIN ARTICLE REFERENCE ARTICLE
Zigbee was made to secure high-level ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level
communication using tiny and low data rate based on communication protocols using tiny, low-power
(IEEE-802.15.4). digital radios based on an IEEE 802 standard for
personal area networks.
From the honeybee’s zigzag pattern between flowers The name refers to the waggle dance of honey bees
the name of this technology came which represents after their return to the beehive.
the communication between nodes in a mesh
network.
It is a low cost, low power, low maintenance, ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh
wireless mesh network standard. network standard.
It supports both star and tree topology and the The ZigBee network layer natively supports both
generic mesh and typical networks, and it supports star and tree typical networks, and generic mesh
the services transported by (IEEE-802.15.4). networks.
The low cost allows to deploy them globally with The low cost allows the technology to be widely
wireless control and monitoring applications and it deployed in wireless control and monitoring
has low power usage which helps in making battery applications. Low power-usage allows longer life
life longer with smaller batteries. with smaller batteries.
Zigbee was made to secure high-level communication The main objectives of an LR-WPAN are ease of
using tiny and low data rate based on installation, reliable data transfer, short-range
(IEEE-802.15.4). They use wireless devices which operation, extremely low cost, and a reasonable
used signals to transmit data to another end. So that battery life, while maintaining a simple and flexible
less wires were used, and more reasonably data was protocol.
sent with minimum or no data loss.
ZIGBEE PROTOCOL STACK
Application Layer: Application Layer:
It provides link between physical and network. it An application layer provides the intended function
transmits and receive frames securely . of the device
1. Application support sub layer
2. Application Objects
3. Zigbee Device Object.
4. Security Service Provider
Physical Layer: Physical Layer:

The layer whose responsibility is to directly The PHY [3] provides two services: the PHY data
communicate with radio transceiver and control it service and the PHY management service interfacing
and is considered as the closest layer to hardware is to the physical layer management entity (PLME)
known as physical layer Many tasks is being done service access point (SAP) (known as the PLME-
by this layer in which channel selection, energy SAP). The PHY data service enables the transmission
detection, hardware initialization etc. and reception of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)
across the physical radio channel
MAC LAYER: MAC LAYER:
It is second layer, which produce link to connect with The MAC sub layer [3] provides two services: the
network and physical layer. it has two services MAC MAC data service and the MAC management service
Data service and MAC management service. In data interfacing to the MAC sublayer management entity
service MAC protocol use data unit over physical (MLME) service access point (SAP) (known as
data to broadcast and accept. MLME-SAP). The MAC data service enables the
transmission and reception of MAC protocol data
units (MPDUs) across the PHY data service.
NETWORK LAYER: NETWORK LAYER:

Network layer: routing and formation are done by this The network layer is the lowest layer defined by the
layer. special path for sending messages to ZigBee standard which provides network
destination security provided by this layer. configuration, manipulation, and message routing. An
Maintaining routing tables, joining of nodes are done application layer provides the intended function of
in network formation. Star, mesh, and cluster are the device.
considered in this standard
DIFFERENT TOPOLOGIES IN ZIGBEE END DEVICES
Star: Star:
It has only one coordinator and no router connected In the star topology network, all communications,
to it. number of end devices are more than one. If even those between the devices themselves, must go
coordinator will be damaged the whole system will through the PAN coordinator
stop working end devices can not communicate
directly
Mesh: Peer to Peer:

Mesh has a single coordinator through which router In the peer-to-peer topology, the devices can
are connected having their own end devices. Nodes communicate with one another directly, but the PAN
can directly communicate with each other if it will be coordinator must be present
in its range, and if the router goes down then it will
take another route. It is made complex to maintain
the standards. A more robust and tolerating topology.
For example: If a switch opens a light it will act as
an end device and signal will travel to router through
coordinator and it will transfer it to router and router
will then send it to end device.
CLUSTER TREE: CLUSTER TREE:
Cluster is like a hybrid device which can use both star Cluster tree is the combination of both star and the
and mesh topology, routers in this topology are not mesh networks, so it has the properties of both
inter linked directly like mesh, except they are topologies.
connected through coordinator.
STANDARD OF ZIGBEE
ZIGBEE PHYSICAL DEVICE TYPE: No mention in FFD and RFD in this article.
FFD (Full Function Device)
FFD can perform routing, coordination, and sensing
operations within its limit of standard. it can convert
into either coordinator, router, or end devices as the
application demands
RFD (Reduced Function Device)
RFD works as end devices where sensor can only
record the data like temperature, light condition.
ZIGBEE LOGICAL DEVICE TYPES: DEVICE TYPES:

Coordinator Coordinator
parent network, only one coordinator can be link to a It is most capable device, works as a parent or source
network, stars the network. can store information, of network. in a network only one coordinator can be
security keys linked.
Router Router
linking node through coordinator and end device. It is a median node linking through coordinator and
transfer data from devices. can expand a network end devices, can bind to already exist network.
End devices End devices
low power devices, limited information provided by It consists of low power devices or battery operated.
its parents. It support 240 nodes for each device can contact their parents though information from
sensors or switches but not broadcast data from end
devices.
CLUSTER TREE: CLUSTER TREE:
Cluster is like a hybrid device which can use both star Cluster tree is the combination of both star and the
and mesh topology, routers in this topology are not mesh networks, so it has the properties of both
inter linked directly like mesh, except they are topologies.
connected through coordinator.
ZIGBEE APPLICATIONS USE IN PAKISTAN
ZIGBEE technology can solve a variety of problems Not mention in this article.
faced by our country. without sensors there would be
high costs, maintenance, more labor used which
cause more expense.
5.1 Remote Patient Monitoring Device
Using ZIGBEE device, patient will be wearing it.
through this device patient's heart rate, blood
pressure, temperature can be in-check automatically.
5.2 Industrial Control system
In Industries ZigBee Technology can be implemented
by the implementation of various sensors of
temperature, atmosphere, pressure sensors.
5.3 Building Control System
Light, heat, fire and security sensors be used to solve
these problems through mesh network.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
Not mention in this article.

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Data Communication and

Haris Lania (18B-089-CS)

Physical Layer: Physical Layer:

NETWORK LAYER: NETWORK LAYER:

Mesh: Peer to Peer:

ZIGBEE LOGICAL DEVICE TYPES: DEVICE TYPES:

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