For Extradosed Douuble Deck Bridge
For Extradosed Douuble Deck Bridge
For Extradosed Douuble Deck Bridge
Elias Fekadu
BAHIR DAR, ETHIOPIA
July 28, 2020
Contents
Acknowledgement
Introduction
objectives
Scope
Methodology
Result and Discussion
Recommendation
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My deepest gratitude and thank go to Mr. Alemayehu Gola (advisor of the
Project) for inspiring me to do the project on this fascinating topic and advising
me on works.
My greatest appreciation is to the staff of Digital & Electronics Library, AAiT and
Google , for kindly updated with latest, relevant and valuable books and journals.
I would like to express my warmest gratitude to work staffs for their support with
sharing materials and ideas during the preparation of this Project work.
At last and most, my deeper gratitude extends to Mr. Daniel and other work
colleagues for allowing me to work with enough time and motivation.
INTRODUCTION
With a current population of 300,000 and Continuous rising, Bahir-dar will
become one of the largest cities in Ethiopia and in Africa also.
The rising population growth and urbanization, result, proposing of
additional bridge, In response to this problem, the city is planning to build
about 380 m of transit tracks to reduce pressure on city roads, but
For a demand of rapid transit and flow without conflicting, it is also better
to consider a bridge with train crossing.
This is a project with analysis and design of Extradosed Double Deck
Bridge with,
center span of 180 m, side span of 100 m. The main girder, designed as a
steel truss structure with double decks. The upper and lower decks each
accommodate four lanes of highway traffic as well as pedestrian path on
their upper deck and it will carry Rail transit on the lower deck.
OBJECTIVES
General Objective
Design of optional crossing over Abay Bridge with enough current and future
traffic consideration and rail line consideration.
Specific objective
To assess the point of consideration to state the bridge type,
double deck Extradosed Girder Bridge Modeling, Design and
analysis,
Designs of structural Components of the bridge, i.e. Cables, Steel
Girders, Pylon and other.
Methodology
Literature Review and Detail study on characteristics, and overview of
extradosed double decked Bridge.
Material definition, section definition, grid definition and Modeling
Dead and Live load components has been considered automatically, based on
AASHTO and AREMA load and combination recommendations,
Definition of material properties, section properties and loading properties,
the modeling has been run for analysis only with dead load, the deflection
requirement has been checked, and
Again loadings has been made and deflection requirements has been checked
and section verification has been made again and again to make the sections
not only efficient, but also to get economical section,
Automatic section verification, cable design, Top flange design and pylon
design.
Scope
The Scope is limited to give General Design of Extradosed double deck bridge,
and it is only limited to obtaining reaction load and stress’s on the bridge
components, design of sections, i.e. truss girder section, composite deck section,
pylon, cable requirements.
Pylon
Deck
Cables
Truss Girder
Assumed and Verified Bridge sections
1. Pylon;- The Pylon is the main support of the bridge. And it link’s the deck to the pylon,
Pylon Bottom Pylon Top
2. Deck;- has upper and lower Deck components
The maximum mid span deflection has been obtained to be 2.4cm after all
loadings and combinations.
Deflection Limits
The maximum allowable live load deflection at the center of the main span should
be, maximum of the deflection requirement of the highway and rail way, so for the
median span of 180m.
Highway deflection limit 1/500 of the main span, which is 100,000/500, 200
mm which is measured along the centerline of the bridge.
Railway Deflection Limit, 1/680 of the main span, which is 100,000/680,
147.7mm which is measures along the centerline of the bridge,
So, the deflection requirement will governed by the railway is greater than the
design output of the software 24.01 mm.
Final Design of cable: Subjected to Tension with Small Compression Values:
Design of pylon: pylons designed as Columns subjected to Axial
Force and Biaxial Moments.
Design of Concrete beams: The concrete beam used to support the top and
bottom deck of the bridge section, with 0.4m width and 0.6m depth, with minimum
reinforcements requirement of 0.8% of gross area of the concrete section, so, 5 bar with
Dia. Of 16mm on the top and 5 bar with Dia. Of 16mm at the bottom is proposed.
Hence there’re is no more force is transferred to the beams.
Automatically verified section parameters
Stringers; - are longitudinal beams that receives a load directly from composite
section of the top flange and transfer to cross beams, these stringers lied beneath
both the highway and rail way slab of the bridge.
Conti…
Cross beam; - these are lateral steel beams that receive stresses from the stringers
and transfer to the top chord of the girder sections, these are the biggest in size
parts of the bridge with 1m in depth and 20m spans. The cables are installed on
this sections.
Conti…
Top bracing; - these are parts of the bridge, that are made to increase the lateral
stiffness of the bridge by connecting the corners of the cross beams, it reduces
lateral deflection of the bridge
Conti…
Top chord; - the top truss girder member of the bridge which receive all loads
from the top and resist part of the load from cable by bending as a truss girder
Conti…
Diagonals; - are members that connects the top chord part of truss girder with the
bottom chord to act as one girder, it transfers part of load from the top chord to the
bottom one
Conti…
Bottom chord; - a bottom part of truss girder
Conti…
Floor Beams; - are parts of the second rail deck components which acts to
transfer loads to the truss girder by receiving from bottom stringers, these parts
acts as cross beam member of the top deck.
Conti…
Bottom bracing; - are bracings which connects the floor beams diagonally, for
stiffening deck section of the bridge to resist lateral loads, and it is similar in
section with the top bracing.
Discussion
Recommendation for optimum design for cost and general characteristic of
combined highway and railway Extradosed double deck box girder bridge
design includes,
Proper measuring and assumption of number of cables used inside a group
of strands, and over all span cable requirement.
Selection of adequate diameter and strength requirement of cables,
Proper Span length and depth proportioning of the box girder
pylon number selection, proportioning of height, size and other.
Weight parameter of construction materials and quality parameters.
Construction methodologies and others.
Recommendation
1.We can use pre stressed tendons inside the longitudinal Girders to
achieve the tensile stresses and get Small effective cross section.
2. We can do camber for Pylon and the deck to prevent high
deflections for the deck and lateral Displacements of the pylon.
3.We can recommend optimization of bridge structural components for
better cost and elegance.
THANK YOU