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    Atoms & Molecules by DR C. R Tripathy (PGT Chemistry)

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    pallavi tripathy
    This document discusses atoms, molecules, and chemical formulas. It begins by explaining the early Greek concept that all matter is made of four basic substances: fire, air, water, and earth. Over time, philosophers realized there must be even smaller particles called atoms that make up these substances. The document then discusses Dalton's atomic theory from the late 19th century, which differentiated between elements and compounds. It explains the laws of conservation of mass and constant proportions discovered by Lavoisier and Proust, which describe how the mass and ratios of elements are conserved in chemical reactions. The concept of molecules is also introduced.

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    Atoms & Molecules by DR C. R Tripathy (PGT Chemistry)

    Uploaded by

    pallavi tripathy
    45 views12 pages
    This document discusses atoms, molecules, and chemical formulas. It begins by explaining the early Greek concept that all matter is made of four basic substances: fire, air, water, and earth. Over time, philosophers realized there must be even smaller particles called atoms that make up these substances. The document then discusses Dalton's atomic theory from the late 19th century, which differentiated between elements and compounds. It explains the laws of conservation of mass and constant proportions discovered by Lavoisier and Proust, which describe how the mass and ratios of elements are conserved in chemical reactions. The concept of molecules is also introduced.

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    Presentation atom and molecles

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    This document discusses atoms, molecules, and chemical formulas. It begins by explaining the early Greek concept that all matter is made of four basic substances: fire, air, water, and earth. Over time, philosophers realized there must be even smaller particles called atoms that make up these substances. The document then discusses Dalton's atomic theory from the late 19th century, which differentiated between elements and compounds. It explains the laws of conservation of mass and constant proportions discovered by Lavoisier and Proust, which describe how the mass and ratios of elements are conserved in chemical reactions. The concept of molecules is also introduced.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    45 views12 pages

    Atoms & Molecules by DR C. R Tripathy (PGT Chemistry)

    Uploaded by

    pallavi tripathy
    This document discusses atoms, molecules, and chemical formulas. It begins by explaining the early Greek concept that all matter is made of four basic substances: fire, air, water, and earth. Over time, philosophers realized there must be even smaller particles called atoms that make up these substances. The document then discusses Dalton's atomic theory from the late 19th century, which differentiated between elements and compounds. It explains the laws of conservation of mass and constant proportions discovered by Lavoisier and Proust, which describe how the mass and ratios of elements are conserved in chemical reactions. The concept of molecules is also introduced.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    ATOMS & MOLECULES

    BY DR C. R TRIPATHY
    (PGT CHEMISTRY)
    1)Introduction
    2) Dalton's Theory And The Laws Of
    Chemical Combination
    3) Atoms
    4) Molecules and ions
    5) Chemical formulae of compounds
    6) Molecular mass & formula unit mass
    7) The mole concept
    INTRODUCTION

    As early as the 6th century the Greek


    philosophers stated that all matter could
    be broken down into four basic
    substances: fire, air water and earth.
    In the 5th century people pondered further
    on the nature of the primitive elements and thought the
    there must be things that are still smaller some thing which is
    common in every substance this made them think deeper and
    discover the presence of ultimate smallest particle the ‘Atom’.
    The atoms are so small that they are not
    visible by naked eyes. Fire, air, water and
    earth also have their individual atoms which
    are connected which each other.
    After atoms a term for slightly bigger entities
    was coined that term is known as molecules.
    2. Dalton's Theory And The Laws Of Chemical
    Combination
    At the end of the nineteenth century,
    scientists were able to differentiate
    between elements and compounds.
    Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and Joseph
    Louis Proust gave two laws, explaining
    the chemical combinations of elements.
    These laws are called the Law of
    conservation of mass and the Law of
    constant proportion .
    2.1. Law of conservation of mass

    The law of conservation of mass states


    that the mass of a closed system will
    remain constant in a chemical reaction.
    In other words, mass can neither be
    created n or destroyed in a chemical
    reaction. This law was first formulated
    by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier in 1789.
    Activity :- Take some sodium sulphate solution in a conical
    flask and some barium chloride solution in an ignition
    tube. Hang the ignition tube in the flask by a thread and
    pot a cork on the flask. Find the mass of the flask on a
    balance. Then tilt the flask. A chemical reaction takes place
    and sodium chloride and barium sulphate are formed.
    Then find the mass of the flask again. It will be seen that
    the sum of the masses of the reactants and products
    remain unchanged.
    ii) Law of constant proportions :- states that ‘
    In a chemical compound the elements are
    always present in a definite proportion by mass’.
    Eg :- Water ( H2O) always contains two elements
    hydrogen and oxygen combined together in the
    same ratio of 2:16 or 1:8 by mass. If 9 g of water
    is decomposed we get 1 g of hydrogen and 8 g of
    oxygen. Ammonia (NH3) always contains two
    elements nitrogen and hydrogen combined
    together in the same ratio of 14:3 by mass.

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