Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 17 views

    Identification of Seismic Sources

    Uploaded by

    Zyril Besto
    This document discusses various tools and techniques for identifying earthquake faults through geological evidence, including reviewing literature and maps, aerial photography, and geophysical methods like trenching and borings. It describes geological features that can indicate the presence of faults, such as disrupted ground, changes in stratigraphy, and linear structures visible through remote sensing. Geophysical surveys can also reveal faults through anomalies in gravity, magnetism, seismic velocities, or geodetic measurements. The document lists factors that can affect ground motion characteristics at a site from an earthquake, such as the type and orientation of the generating fault, distance from the fault, geological propagation medium, local soil properties and topography, and structures present.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Identification of Seismic Sources

    Uploaded by

    Zyril Besto
    17 views23 pages
    This document discusses various tools and techniques for identifying earthquake faults through geological evidence, including reviewing literature and maps, aerial photography, and geophysical methods like trenching and borings. It describes geological features that can indicate the presence of faults, such as disrupted ground, changes in stratigraphy, and linear structures visible through remote sensing. Geophysical surveys can also reveal faults through anomalies in gravity, magnetism, seismic velocities, or geodetic measurements. The document lists factors that can affect ground motion characteristics at a site from an earthquake, such as the type and orientation of the generating fault, distance from the fault, geological propagation medium, local soil properties and topography, and structures present.

    Original Description:

    seismic

    Original Title

    IDENTIFICATION OF SEISMIC SOURCES

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses various tools and techniques for identifying earthquake faults through geological evidence, including reviewing literature and maps, aerial photography, and geophysical methods like trenching and borings. It describes geological features that can indicate the presence of faults, such as disrupted ground, changes in stratigraphy, and linear structures visible through remote sensing. Geophysical surveys can also reveal faults through anomalies in gravity, magnetism, seismic velocities, or geodetic measurements. The document lists factors that can affect ground motion characteristics at a site from an earthquake, such as the type and orientation of the generating fault, distance from the fault, geological propagation medium, local soil properties and topography, and structures present.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views23 pages

    Identification of Seismic Sources

    Uploaded by

    Zyril Besto
    This document discusses various tools and techniques for identifying earthquake faults through geological evidence, including reviewing literature and maps, aerial photography, and geophysical methods like trenching and borings. It describes geological features that can indicate the presence of faults, such as disrupted ground, changes in stratigraphy, and linear structures visible through remote sensing. Geophysical surveys can also reveal faults through anomalies in gravity, magnetism, seismic velocities, or geodetic measurements. The document lists factors that can affect ground motion characteristics at a site from an earthquake, such as the type and orientation of the generating fault, distance from the fault, geological propagation medium, local soil properties and topography, and structures present.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 23

    IDENTIFICATION OF

    SEISMIC SOURCES
    A variety of tools and techniques are available to
    identify earthquake faults using geological
    evidence.
    • review of published literature and geological maps
    • air photographs and remote sense imagery (infrared photography)
    • geophysical methods
    • field reconnaissance studies
    • logging of trenches
    • test pits and borings
    GEOLOGICAL MAPS

    Show topographic contours, major folds


    and faults, contacts between rock units, age
    and type of rock.
    GEOPHYSICAL
    METHODS

    Geophysical methods are based on the


    study of different physical fields being
    propagated through the earth's interior. The
    most important geophysical fields are
    gravity, magnetic, electromagnetic, and
    seismic wave fields. 
    Examples of geological features that hint the
    existence of an earthquake fault

    • Disruption of the ground


    surface and evidence of
    movement and grinding
    along the two sides of the
    disruption.
    • Juxtaposition of strata with dissimilar materials, missing or repeated
    strata, or truncation of strata.
    • Scraps or triangular facets on ridges , offset streams or drainage, tilting or
    changes in elevation of traces or shorelines, sag ponds, and anomalous
    stream gradients.
    SAG POND

    • a body of fresh water collected in the


    lowest parts of a depression formed
    between two sides of an active strike-
    slip, transtensional or normal fault
    zone.
    • Abrupt changes in levels, gradients, and chemical composition of
    groundwater; abrupt changes in the alignment of springs or volcanic
    vents; and presence of hot springs
    • Lineaments on remote sensing imagery caused by topographic, vegetation,
    or tonal contrasts.

    Susceptibility map of fault zones over the study area,


    classified into five zones, namely, very low potential zone
     Location of the study area. (green), low potential zone (yellow), medium potential
    zone (blue), high potential zone (pink), and very high
    potential zone (cyan).
    The 39 fault segments identified as faults in the study area showing true fault length and points of
    field work stations, normal fault segments indicated with red points, reverse fault segments indicated
    with green points, and strike slip fault segments indicated with blue points.
    • Steep linear gravity or magnetic gradients, differences in seismic wave
    velocities, and offset of seismic reflection horizons in a geophysical
    survey.
    • Changes in geodetic surveys such as in tilting and the distance between
    fixed points.
    • Traces of sand liquefaction along the depth of excavated trenches.
    FACTORS AFFECTING GROUND MOTION
    CHARACTERISTICS AT SITE
    • Earthquake ground motions may vary in duration, maximum intensity, the
    way this intensity changes in time, and the relationship between their
    vertical and horizontal components.
    • It is also known that the reason ground motions may be radically different
    from one site to another is simply because a large number of factors may
    affect their characteristics.
    Characteristics of an earthquake ground motion at a given site may be affected,
    among others, by the following factors:

    1. Type of fault where the earthquake is generated (e.g., dip slip or strike slip)
    2. Fault orientation with respect to site. (angle between source-to-site vector and fault line)
    3. Direction of fault rupture with respect to site. (i.e., toward or away from site)
    4. Dimensions of ruptured area
    5. Depth of ruptured area
    6. Earthquake magnitude
    7. Distance from fault to site.
    8. Geological characteristics of propagation medium.
    9. Local soil properties and topography.
     The local soil profile has a profound influence on seismic action. If the
    profile is not homogeneous or nearly so, a substantial degree of
    amplification can be expected.
    10. Size and type of structures on site.

    You might also like