The Travel Management Cycle

The Travel Management
Cycle
TRAVEL TERMINOLOGIES
Origin
The starting point at which the passenger
begins his travel on a particular flight segment.
Destination
The ultimate end of the passenger’s journey
as shown on the booking and ticket.
Departure City
Point of embarkation.
TYPES OF JOURNEY
One – Way
Journey Trip that does not go back to its origin city.
Roundtrip Journey
A flight that involves flying to a single destination
and back to origin city.
Circle Trip
A trip that involves two or more than one destination.
Open Jaw
A trip where the next flight’s origin city is different
from the arrival city of the last segment.
FLIGHT SERVICES
Non – Stop Flight
A flight that proceeds directly to the final destination without
making any stop(s) at intermediate point.
Direct Flight
May have 1 or more stops from departure to arrival city with
no change of aircraft. Passenger takes the same flight number
all throughout the flight.
Connecting Flight
Additional flight(s) where change of aircraft and flight number
is required to reach the final destination.
Online Connection
A connection that involves same airline service to bring
passengers from the arrival city to the next intermediate point.
Offline Connection
A connection that involves not only a change of
aircraft but also change of airline service to bring
passengers from the arrival city to the next
intermediate point.
Change of Gauge
There is a change in the aircraft enroute or a change
of inventory compartment enroute but uses single
flight number.
Code Share Flight
An agreement between airlines to sell space on each
other’s flight using their own two-letter codes in the
CRS.
Segment/Leg
Flight segment or auxiliary segment of the itinerary.
Itinerary
List of all flights that the passenger is scheduled to
take.
Routing
Term to identify the passenger’s flight itinerary.
ARNK Arrival Not Known;
used in CRS booking; portion of the itinerary where a
passenger will not take any air service from one city
to the next.
RESERVATIONS – RELATED TERMS
Passenger
Any person manifested, ticketed and carried on board in
any transportation.
Adult (12 & above)
A person who has reached his/her 12th birthday on the
date of the commencement of travel.
Child (02-11 years old)
A person who has reached his/her second birthday but not
his/her 12th birthday on the date of the commencement of
travel.
Infant (01 to 23 months old)
A person who has not reached his/her second birthday as
of the date of the commencement of travel.
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
An organization that represents, leads and serves the airline
industry. Its members comprise all major passenger and cargo
airlines.
IATA Codes
Standard IATA designated codes for cities, airlines and airports,
which
are commonly used worldwide. .
Phonetic Codes
A phonetic alphabet is a list of words used to identify letters in a
message transmitted by radio or telephone.
Minimum Connecting Time (MCT)
The legal minimum time necessary to change planes at the
airport for connection.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Universal point of reference in determining standard time; also
known as Zulu time, Universal Time (UT) or Coordinated
Universal Time (CUT)
FLIGHT ITINERARY PLANNING
3 BASIC RULES IN ITINERARY PLANNING
AVOID CRISSCROSSING
CEB
MNL
DGT
DVO
CRK
AVOID BACKTRACKING
CEB
MNL
DGT
DVO
CRK
LESS CARRIERS USED THE BETTER

MNL
CEB
DGT
DVO CRK
2 carriers used in four flights to the destination

SECTOR/CITY PAIR POSSIBLE BAD GOOD
CARRIERS SELECTION SELECTION
MANILA/HONGKONG PR or CX PR CX
HONGKONG/BANGKOK CX or TG CX CX
BANGKOK/SINGAPORE TG or SQ TG SQ
SINGAPORE/MANILA SQ or PR SQ SQ
Itinerary
Making
Planning the guest’s
Itinerary
“Itinerary – it is the schedule of
activities of a guest, included in the
tour package designed by the tour
operator.
TYPES OF ITINERARY
Client’s Itinerary
Tour Operator’s Itinerary
Review of the itinerary
includes:
Type of tour
Knowledge of the destination
Inclusions of the tour package
Reservation/reconfirmation of flights
Philippine nightlife
Selling other destinations
Other concerns
Itinerary making/planning requires
the following knowledge & skills:
Phonetic alphabet
International and local geography (location
and its significance)
Military time versus the local time
Important codes (airline, city, airport and
currency)
Reading the airline timetable
 Special requirements of the guests
 Basic reservation system
 Important abbreviations ( pax, ovn,etc).
 Suppliers included in the itinerary such as:
 Hotel for accommodation
 Restaurant for food
 Transportation (air, sea, land, rail)
 Tours
 Entertainment
 Others
STEP 1 – RESEARCH OTHER TOURS
IN THE MARKET PLACE
Careful planning is required when

developing an itinerary for your tour.
Step 2 – Name your tour.
Dapitan Historical Tour:

Back in Time
STEP 3 – MAP OUT THE DURATION,
FREQUENCY AND DEPARTURE POINT OF
YOUR TOUR
When will your tour depart? _______ am/pm

When will your tour return? _______ am/pm
Where will the central departure point be?
Will you offer accommodation pick up?
 Yes  No
STEP 4 – LIST THE MAJOR LOCATIONS
AND HIGHLIGHTS OF YOUR TOUR
Where will your tour travel to?

What are the main highlights that visitors are
going to experience?
STEP 5– LIST ANY THIRD PARTY ACTIVITIES,
ATTRACTIONS, ENTRANCE FEES AND INCLUSIONS
Description Supplier – name of Cost per Included in
of activity company / person price
organisation / YES/NO
government agency
STEP 6 – OBTAIN PERMISSION TO
ACCESS PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
PROPERTIES
Whether you are passing through, stopping for

meals or visiting attractions, it is imperative you
obtain permission in writing from the property
owner prior to accessing any private property.
STEP 7 - PERFECTING YOUR TOUR TIMING
It is crucially important to map out your tour itinerary
accurately to ensure that you arrive on time for
activity and meal stops and return to your original
destination at a reasonable time.
Time Location Type of stop – scenic,
meal, activity
Start
Stop one
Stop two
Stop three
STEP 8 - TEST DRIVING YOUR TOUR
ITINERARY
It is very important to do several ‘dry runs’ of

your tour itinerary to ensure you get the timing
right.
24-HOUR AND TIME
ZONES
24-HOUR AND TIME ZONES
 The world has 24 time zones.
 Every 15 degrees longitude represent one hour
time difference from the other.
 The starting reference longitude is Greenwich
Meridian Time (Royal Observatory near London
in the UK.
 15 degrees west would be GMT-1 or 1300H.
COUNTRY/ STANDARD WHEN LOCAL
CITY TIME GMT is TIME
US.-LOS GMT-8 1000H 0200H
ANGELES
US-NEW GMT-4 1000H 0600H
YORK
PHIL- GMT+8 1000H 1800H
MANILA
AUS- GMT+10 1000H 2000H
SYDNEY
DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
During summer months some countries modify the
standard time by one hour. The reason for this is that
countries wish to spend more waking hours in a
daylight.
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary
line on the surface of the Earth that runs from
the north to the south pole and demarcates one
calendar day from the next. It passes through
the middle of the Pacific Ocean, roughly
following the 180° longitude but it deviates to
pass around some territories and island groups.
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE
Manual Ticketing
Electronic Ticketing
Automated Ticketing
THE BASIC WORKFLOW
SPECIAL KEYS
Give the 4 special keys in ABACUS.
1.
DISPLAY
CHANGE
2. 3.
SYMBOL
END ITEM
4.
CROSS OF LORRAINE
1. SIGN IN AND OUT
DECODING
2. CHECK AVAILABILITY
112DECMNLHKG¥PR
AIRCRAFT TYPE
MEAL INDICATOR
TRANSIT INFO
FLIGHT FREQ.
PARTICIPATION
LEVEL
ELIGIBILITY FOR E-
TICKETING
READING AVAILABLE SEATS AND
LINE NUMBER
1CX 906 J9 C9 D9 I9 Y9 B9 MNLHKG
H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9
25DEC WED MNL/Z¥8 LON/-8
2CX 253 F9 A6 J9 C9 D9 I9 LHR

W9 R9 E9 Y9 B9 H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9

READING THE TYPE OF FLIGHT
SERVICE
H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9
2CX 253 F9 A6 J9 C9 D9 I9 LHR

W9 R9 E9 Y9 B9 H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9
MANILA TO HEATHROW CONNECTING HKG

READ THE RESPONSE BELOW:
1CX 906 J9 C9 D9 I9 Y9 B9 MNLHKG 1100 1310 77W R 0 X2 DCA/E
H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9
2CX 253 F9 A6 J9 C9 D9 I9 LHR 1505 2010 77W DL 0 X2DCA/E
W9 R9 E9 Y9 B9 H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9
3CX 904 J9 C9 D9 I9 Y9 B9 MNLHKG 0625 0825 773 B 0 DCA/E
H9 K9 M9 L9
25DECV9
WEDS9 N9 Q9
MNL/Z¥8 O9
LON/-8
4CX 257 J9 C9 D9 I9 W9 R9 LHR 0950 1500 77W DS 0 DCA/E
E9 Y9 B9 H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9
5CX 912 F9 A9 J9 C9 D9 I9 MNLHKG 0845 1050 744 B 0 37DCA/E
Y9 B9 H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9
6CX 253 F9 A6 J9 C9 D9 I9 LHR 1505 2010 77W DL 0 X2DCA/E
W9 R9 E9 Y9 B9 H9 K9 M9 L9 V9 S9 N9 Q9 O9
7CX 902 J9 C9 D9 I9 Y9 B9 MNLHKG 1955 2200 343 D 0 DCA/E
3. BOOK SEGMENT
CRYPTIC ENTRIES 01C1

4. CREATE PNR
A. NAME FIELD
GIVE THE CRYPTIC ENTRY OF THE PASSENGER NAME BELOW.
PASSENGER NAME: RICHARD GOMEZ
ANSWER: -GOMEZ/RICHARD MR
________________________________________________________
GIVE THE CRYPTIC ENTRY OF THE PASSENGER NAME BELOW.
PASSENGER NAME:
HELLO KITTY WANG, 6YEARS OLD
ANSWER: -WANG/HELLOKITTYMIST*C06
________________________________________________________
B. PHONE FIELD
C. TICKETING TIME LIMIT FIELD
C. RECEIVED FROM FIELD
End PNR: E or ER
SPECIAL SERVICE REQUEST
SSRs are used to inform airlines of special
requests for the passengers in a PNR.
SSRs require action and response from the

airline. A 4-letter SSR code is used to notify
the airline on the specifics of the requests
made. You
FREQUENT FLYER NUMBER
SEAT RESERVATION
Travel agency employees should take
GDS training and certification for a
more efficient ticket processing.
Thank you for Listening..!

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The Travel Management

LESS CARRIERS USED THE BETTER

2 carriers used in four flights to the destination

Careful planning is required when

Dapitan Historical Tour:

When will your tour depart? _______ am/pm

Where will your tour travel to?

Whether you are passing through, stopping for

It is very important to do several ‘dry runs’ of

2CX 253 F9 A6 J9 C9 D9 I9 LHR

3CX 904 J9 C9 D9 I9 Y9 B9 MNLHKG

2CX 253 F9 A6 J9 C9 D9 I9 LHR

MANILA TO HEATHROW CONNECTING HKG

CRYPTIC ENTRIES 01C1

PASSENGER NAME: RICHARD GOMEZ

SSRs require action and response from the

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