 Whorl maggot is a small gray fly

with strong preference to young

transplanted rice plants.
 The whorl maggot causes
damage during the tillering
stage of rice, for about 40 days
after transplanting, but
thereafter little damage occurs.
Rice whorl  Damage symptoms are visible
maggot (Hydrellia when the leaf grows out of the
philippina Ferino) whorl.  The edge of the leaf is
discolored, whitish or yellowish.
[Diptera:  The extent of damage varies
Ephydridae from slight feeding causing a
“pinched” or narrow area or
pinholes to a severely damaged
leaf which is completely broken
due to extreme feeding across
the entire width of the leaf.
 •Moth is immaculate white with light
brown and black spots on the wings.
•Eggs are pale, yellowish green, laid
in one or two long rows on under
surfaces of leaves drooping into the
water.
Rice •Larvae are yellowish green,
translucent with threadlike gills on
caseworm body.
  •The freshly hatched larvae feed on
(Nymphula the surface of the tender leaves but
later instar larvae, with their heads
depunctalis and thoraces protruding from within
the case, feed on the surface of the
(Guenee)) older leaves.
•The larva consumes the green leaf
[Lepidoptera: tissue, leaving only the papery upper
epidermis. Frequently several larva
Pyralidae] attack a plant and cut off most of the
leaf tips for making cases and may
consume the remaining leaves.
 Uneaten leaves can be seen floating
on the paddy water surface.
 
   

Moth is triangular, cream
colored, and land on leaf
Rice green surface with its head
hairy caterpillar pointing downward
(Rivula atimeta

Larvae are green with pair
of white line running along
(Swinhoe))
dorsal side of the hairy
[Lepidoptera:
body
Noctuidae] 
Young larvae scrape tissue
from leaf blades leaving
only the lower white
surface.  Older larvae cut
out section of leaf blades
  Adult is yellow orange with
two diagonal, dark red bands
Rice green on each front wings
semilooper  Larvae are similar in size to
(Naranga that of rice green hairy
aenescens caterpillar except for the
(Moore)) looping movement and
[Lepidoptera: absence of long body hairs
Noctuidae]  The damage is identical to
that of the green hairy
caterpillar
  The orange red fly is mosquito-like
with long, slender legs and bead-like
antennae .  This insect is nocturnal and
is attracted to light.
 Eggs are shiny white with pinkish, red
or yellow shading and are laid openly
Asian rice gall on leaf blades.
midge  Soon after hatching, the larva moves
down between the leaf sheath and the
stem until it reaches the growing point
Orseolia oryzae of the apical or side buds and feeds at
the base of the growing plant.  A gall
(Wood-Mason) begins to form and eventually results
in the development of a tubular gall or
Diptera: “onion leaf”
Plant damage is caused by the
Cecidomyiidae

transformation of tillers into tubular
galls which do not bear panicles.Early
  infestation also causes excessive
tillering but these new tillers often
become infested and few bear
panicles.
  
 Adult beetle is small, metallic blue-
black and covered with short and
long spines in the thorax and
forewings.
Rice hispa  Both adults and larvae feed on the
(Dicladispa armigera leaf tissue between the epidermal
membranes. The adults scrape the
(Olivier)) upper surface, leaving only the
[Coleoptera: lower epidermis. Adult feeding
damage shows white streaks along
Chrysomelidae] the long axis of the leaf.  
 Larvae produce irregular
longitudinal white mines as they
tunnel between the epidermal
layers.  
 Affected leaves may wither and
die, giving the field a burnt
appearance
   
 The moths of the 3 species: C.
medinalis , M. patnalis and M.
exigua are yellow brown which
can be differentiated with dark line
Rice leaffolders markings on their wings.
(Cnaphalocrocis  Damage to the rice plant is caused
medinalis (Guenee), by the caterpillars which fold the
leaf blades into tubular structures
Marasmia exigua and feed on the green leaf tissues.
(Butler),  The affected leaves dry up giving
Marasmia patnalis seriously infected fields a scorched
appearance .
Bradley)  The discoloration and folding of
[Lepidoptera: the leaves affects the general vigor
Pyralidae] of the rice plants and reduces their
photosynthetic ability.  The
damaged leaves also serve as an
avenue for fungal and bacterial
infection.
  Rice thrips are minute, soft-
bodied, elongated insects
having narrow wings with long
marginal hair and asymmetrical
rasping and piercing
Rice thrips mouthparts.  
(Stenchaetothrips  Adults and nymph prefer to
biformis (Bagnall)) feed on young plants and
seedlings. Damaged leaves
[Thysanoptera: show fine white to silvery
Thripidae] scraped areas. Due to severe
rasping, the leaves roll and may
  even wither.  
 Leaf damage increases in dry
weather, particularly when
there is drought stress.  Upland
rice being prone to drought
commonly suffer from thrips
infestation.
  The drab, dark brown butterfly
has round spots on the wings.
Rice green-  The large, light green larva
horned blends into rice foliage but is
easily recognized by the two
caterpillar
prominent horns projecting
(Melanitis leda from the flat quadrangular head
ismene Cramer, and from the tip of its abdomen.
Mycalesis sp.)  The green-horned caterpillar
[Lepidoptera: damages rice during the larval
Satyridae] stage through defoliation.  Each
larva is capable of defoliating a
great quantity of leaf tissue
during its 3-week larval period.
 
  
 Moths of rice skippers skippers,
namely, P. mathias (Fabricius) and P.
guttata Bremer and Grey are brown in
color with transparent white marks on
Rice skippers the forewings and their antennae have
hook-like tips.  The hind wings of P.
(Pelopidas  mathias mathias have no transparent spots but
P. guttata bear four white transparent
(Fabricius), spots.
Parnara guttata
 The head of P. mathias larva has red
oblique bands on each side while P.
Bremer and guttata larva has a brownish frontal
W-band on its head
Grey)  The larvae of two species of rice
[Lepidoptera: skippers have similar feeding habits.
They skeletonize the leaf by eating the
Hesperiidae] entire leaf margins and leave the
midrib uneaten.
  Several genera and species of
short-horned grasshoppers of
varying shapes are attacking the
Rice short-horned rice plants. The common genera
are easily identified. Oxya and
grasshoppers Acrida species have no deep
Oxya sp. and furrow along midline of head
but present in Atractomorpha.
Acrida sp.  Oxya have large rounded eyes
[Orthoptera: with bold heads while Acrida
Acrididae], and Atractomorpha have small
elongate eyes and strongly
Atractomorpha sp. slanted faces.
[Orthoptera:  Both nymphs and adults feed
on leaf tissue consuming large
Pyrgomorphidae] sections from the edges of the
leaf blades.
  
 Green leafhoppers are the most common
leafhoppers in the rice plant.  
 Four species transmit virus and
mycoplasma-like diseases of rice such as
tungro, yellow dwarf, waika, transitory
Green yellowing, gall dwarf, and dwarf.
Leafhoppers can be distinguished by the
leafhoppers

shape of the head and the presence or
absence of black lines or bands between
(Nephotettix the eyes.  For instance, the temperate
species, N. cincticeps (Uhler) has bluntly
spp.) rounded head and without central black
spots on the forewings.  The tropical
[Hemiptera: Asian species  N. nigropictus (Stal) has a
transverse black band on the head and
Cicadellidae] central black spots on the forewings.  On
the other hand, N. virescens (Distant) has
a pointed head without black bands.
 Both nymphs and adults feed by
extracting plant sap with their needle-
shaped mouthparts.
  The zigzag leafhopper can be
readily recognized by the
Zigzag leafhopper brownish zigzag pattern on
(Recilia dorsalis its wings.  
(Motschulsky))  It feeds well on rice and some
[Hemiptera:
Cicadellidae] grassy weeds, and is an
important vector of viral
diseases.
   
 The adult brown planthopper is
light to dark brown. The male is
distinctly smaller than the female.
The adult planthoppers occur in
Brown planthopper both the short- and long- winged
(Nilaparvata lugens forms.  
(Stal)) [Hemiptera:  The eggs, characterized by broad
flat egg caps, are laid in batches in
Delphacidae] the leaf sheath or midrib of the
leaves. There are five nymphal
instars. Newly emerged nymphs
are white, but later turn brown.
 Removal of plant sap and blockage
of vascular bundles by feeding
sheaths cause the plant to wilt and
die. This condition is referred to as
hopperburn.
 Brown planthopper transmits
grassy stunt and ragged stunt.
  The adult white-backed
planthopper has a prominent
White-backed white band on its thorax
planthopper
 Male occurs only in long-
winged form while female
(Sogatella furcifera can either be short or long-
(Horvath) winged.
[Hemiptera:  Eggs are laid in rice stem or
Delphacidae] leaf sheaths.
 Newly emerged nymphs are
white but show coloration as
they mature.
 Feeds equally on some
grasses as well as on rice.
  
 Adults are grayish brown to
charcoal black with a broad and
hard abdominal covering.
Malaysian black  Females lays grayish-pink eggs
bug (Scotinophara in clusters, and sit over the eggs
coarctata to protect from parasites and
predators.
(Fabricius))  Nymphs and adults remove
[Hemiptera: plant sap and cause plants to
Pentatomidae] wilt, producing condition
referred to as “bug burn”.
 Black bug feeding also causes
deadhearts and whiteheads
similar to stemborer damage.
  Adults are brown and slender
with long legs and antennae.
 The dark reddish brown, disc-
shaped eggs are laid in rows on
Slender rice bugs or rice foliage.
rice bugs (Leptocorisa  Nymphs are green with white
oratorius (Fabricius) bands on its reddish antennae
and L. acuta and their bodies elongate as
(Thunberg)) they mature.
[Hemiptera:  Mature nymphs feed at higher
Alydidae) rate than the adults.
 Rice bug feeding at milking
stage results to empty grain
while feeding at dough stage
gives rise to broken/chaffy
grains.
Stem borers belong to the Order Lepidoptera.  Adults are
harmless but the larvae bore into the plant stem and do the
damage while feeding inside the stem. Moths are nocturnal,
attracted to light and are strong fliers.
 Yellow stemborer(Scirpophaga incertulas
(Walker)) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]
 White stemborer (Scirpophaga innotata
(Walker)) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]
 Pink stemborer (Sesamia inferens (Walker))
[Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
 Striped stemborer (Chilo suppressalis
(Walker)) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]
 Gold-fringed stemborer (Chilo auricilius
Dudgeon) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]
 Dark-headed stemborer (Chilo polychrysus
(Meyrick)) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]
  Adults and nymphs have
enlarged and spade-like front
legs
Oriental mole Tunnel in the soil with its
cricket enlarged front legs.
(Gryllotalpa Adults and nymphs feed on
sown seeds and roots.
orientalis
Young plants can die from
Burmeister)
root loss producing bare
[Orthoptera: spots and missing plant stand
Gryllotalpidae] in the field
  Adults are gray brown with
stout and smooth bodies
White grubs  Larvae are white with large
yellow brown heads.  They
[Leucopholis feed on the root mass
irrorata trimming the roots.
(Chevrolat)  Young larvae roll into C
shape when disturbed while
[Coleoptera: older larvae have an enlarged
Scarabaeidae] area at the tip of the
abdomen.
 Leaves of damage plants turn
orange-yellow, wither and
die due to root loss.