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Human Behavior in Organization Elective 1 Chapter II Module

Individual differences refer to unique characteristics that vary between people and impact how they learn and perform. These differences can be physical, psychological, or emotional. For example, some employees are more productive when soft music is played, while others are distracted by it. Consequently, people differ in their productivity, work quality, reactions to empowerment and leadership styles, need for social contact, commitment, and self-esteem. Managers must consider these differences and the situation to understand employee behavior.

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38 views

Human Behavior in Organization Elective 1 Chapter II Module

Individual differences refer to unique characteristics that vary between people and impact how they learn and perform. These differences can be physical, psychological, or emotional. For example, some employees are more productive when soft music is played, while others are distracted by it. Consequently, people differ in their productivity, work quality, reactions to empowerment and leadership styles, need for social contact, commitment, and self-esteem. Managers must consider these differences and the situation to understand employee behavior.

Uploaded by

vhane majell
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Human Behavior in

Organization

Elective 1
Chapter II Module
Chapter II:
INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES,MENTAL
ABILITY
AND PERSONALITY
What is individual Differences?

are unique characteristics of individuals


that have an impact on how they learn,
individual differences are personal
attributes that vary from person to another.
It is also refer to the variation in how
people respond to the same situation
based on personal characteristics.
What is individual Differences?

Individual differences maybe physical,


psychological and emotional. The
individual differences that characterize a
specific person. Make that person unique
are the specific differences that
characterize a given person good or bad?
Do they contribute or detach from
performance?
What is individual Differences?

Situation sample:

The answer of course is that depends on


the circumstances. For instance when
management introduced the playing of soft
music at the workplace, employee A was
affected positively and he was able to
perform his duties more efficiently.
What is individual Differences?

Situation sample:

At the end of the first day the music was


introduced, his output increased from 20
to 25 finished items. Employee B,
however, was distracted, and his output
decreased from 21 to 18 finished units.
Employee C appreciates the music, but
What is individual Differences?

Situation sample:
He feels that his output will increase by
25% if the music is a little louder and more
upbeat. From that example given,
employee B maybe dissatisfied, withdrawn
and negative in one job setting but
employee A & C, satisfied, outgoing and
positively respond on the job setting.
Few factors that affect how a person
performs and feels about a job:
 Working Conditions-refers to the working environment
and aspects of an employee's terms and conditions of
employment. This covers such matters as: the
organization of work and work activities; training, skills
and employability; health, safety and well-being; and
working time and work-life balance.

 Co-workers-is someone you work with.

 Leadership-the action of leading a group of people or


an organization
Those few factors may affect on the performance
and feeling about the job. Thus, whenever a
manager attempts to assess or account for
individual differences among his employee, he
must also be sure to consider the situation in
which behavior occurs. Managers should always
be aware of Psychological contracts that exist
between the organization and employees, in the
ideal situation then understanding differences
across people and create an effective
psychological contracts can help facilitate a good
fit between people and the organization.
CONSEQUENCES OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES:
1. People differ in productivity.
2. People differ in the quality of their work.
3. People react differently to empowerment.
4. People react differently to any style of
leadership.
5. People differ in terms of need for contract with
other people.
6. People differ in terms of commitment to the
organization.
7. People differ in terms of level of self- esteem.
CONSEQUENCES OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES:
Productivity refers to the rate of output per worker.
It differs from person to person. If the rate of
output in a sales office is measured in terms of
number of units sold by each salesman, it cannot
be expected that everyone will sell the same
number of units for a given period. This may be
attributed to individual differences among the
salesman like experience, age, education and the
like.
CONSEQUENCES OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES:

Empowerment means giving someone the power


to do something. For instance, an individual may
be empowered to sign purchased contracts and
with it the authority to determine what supplies
and materials are needed to be purchase. Some
person may feel happy if he is provided with such
responsibility; others will feel uncomfortable and
will prefer to just follow orders.
Differences People with different:
between
people
 Quantities of output
 Qualities of output
 Reactions to
empowerment
 Reactions to a given
leadership style
 Degrees of need for
Result to
contract with others
 Level of self-esteem
If all subordinates in a given unit will
respond well to a single style of leadership,
managing them or simply relating with
them would be a much easier task. But this
is not so, as some people will prefer a
leader with a democratic style, while some
will need close supervision from their
superiors. These differences make it
necessary for a leader to use different
leadership styles even in a small unit.
Regarding the need for social contact, people
are also different from one another. Some will
need more contact, while others can work
alone the whole day. Other people cannot be
productive unless they meet people as they
work. The salesman’s job, for instance is well
fitted for those in need of frequent
interactions with other people. In contrast,
there are those who can perform jobs in
research laboratories where contact with
other is minimal.
Commitment to the organization varies
among individuals. Some are so committed
and loyal to the organization that they work
the whole day without noticing that they are
putting in more than the required working
hours.
People also differ in terms of self-esteem.
Those with low self-esteem tend to be less
productive. They also avoid accepting more
responsibilities.
Type of Individual Differences:

1. Learning Style-can be defined, classified, and


identified in many different way. Generally, they
are overall patterns that provide direction to
learning and teaching. Learning style can also
be described as a set of factors, behaviors, and
attitudes that facilitate learning for an individual
in a given situation.

2. Aptitude-a natural ability to do something.


Type of Individual Differences:

3. Personality-refers to individual differences in


characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The
study of personality focuses on two broad areas: One is
understanding individual differences in particular personality
characteristics, such as sociability or irritability.

4. Emotional Intelligence-(otherwise known as emotional


quotient or EQ) is the ability to understand, use, and
manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve
stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others,
overcome challenges and defuse conflict.

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