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Spanish Era

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Spanish colonial literature
focused on the society and
culture as reflected and
affected by the Catholic
faith.
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Philippine Literature
during the Spanish
Colonial Period
Spain had two motives in
colonizing the Philippines
 
More valuable than gold, spices were
the leading component of ancient The Spaniards used a policy
commerce even before the 15th
century. Spain, along with other called reduccion, which is a
European countries, funded expeditions means of relocation of scattered
in search of cinnamon, clove, ginger, settlements to a large town. This
turmeric, and other priced commodities. way, Spanish friars were able to
convert natives into
Christianity.

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Poetry during the Spanish Colonial


Period

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Spanish Era

⊡ Philippine literature during the Spanish colonial period was


mainly dominated by religious and secular themes.
⊡ Philippine poems during the precolonial period
highlighted epics, riddles, folk songs, and proverbs
that depicted the spiritual beliefs and everyday lives of
natives, while poetry under the Spanish colonial period
focused on religion and values, which became
instruments in spreading Christianity and Spanish-
oriented culture.

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Spanish Era

Poetic forms that emerged during the Spanish


colonial period include:
⊡ Pasyon - This is a narrative poem about the
passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
⊡Awit - This is a narrative poem that consists of 12
syllables per line and four lines per stanza. . A
famous example of an awit is Francisco Balagtas’s
Florante at Laura.

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Spanish Era

⊡ Kurido - A kurido is another narrative poem that


consists of eight syllables per line and four lines
per stanza. The rhythm is faster compared with
that of an awit. An example of a kurido is Ibong
Adarna, which contains 1,722 stanzas and has
five parts.

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Spanish Era

⊡ Dalit- This is a religious poem in honor of the


Blessed Virgin Mary.

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Prose during the Spanish Colonial


Period

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Spanish Era

⊡ Spanish missionaries published meditations, translations, and


studies on the Philippine languages.
⊡ In 1593, a prayer book called the Doctrina Christiana en lengua
Española y tagala (Christian Doctrine in the Spanish and Tagalog
Languages) was one of the first books printed in the Philippines
⊡ Spanish friars also made an attempt to learn the different languages in
the Philippines to communicate with the natives. The first book
explaining the principles of the Tagalog language was Arte y reglas
de la lengua tagala (The Art and Rules of the Tagalog Language).

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⊡ Anecdotes - These are short and amusing stories that
contain lessons in life. Priests often use anecdotes as part
of their sermons. An example of an anecdote is the
Tagalog translation and adaptation of Daniel Defoe’s
Robinson Crusoe entitled Ang Bagong Robinson,
Historiang Nagtuturo nang Mabuting Caugalian, na
Guinauang Tanungan (The New Robinson, a Story That
Teaches Good Conduct, Done in Primer Form) by Joaquin
Tuason.

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⊡ Planticas (Sermons) These are lectures
presented by Spanish priests that dealt with
religious, biblical, and moral topics. In 1864,
Padre Modesto de Castro compiled 25 of his
sermons in Planticas Doctrinales (Sermons on
Doctrines).

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⊡ Novenas - are a series of prayers repeated for nine consecutive
days and are usually prayers for petition and thanksgiving.
⊡ Novels - are long narrative stories, usually with fictional
characters and with a sequence of events divided into chapters.
Examples of novels during the Spanish colonial period include
Pedro Paterno’s Ninay (considered the first Filipino novel), Padre
Modesto de Castro’s Urbana at Feliza, Padre Miguel Lucio y
Bustamante’s Si Tandang Basio Macunat, and Jose Rizal’s Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

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⊡ Essays are personal pieces of writing that use
the point of view of the writer. One of the most
important essays during this period is “Ang Dapat
Mabatid ng mga Tagalog” by Andres Bonifacio. It
was published in the newspaper Kalayaan.

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Drama during the Spanish Colonial


Period

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⊡ During the Spanish regime, dramas were performed
to spread Christianity; thus, most dramas during the
period were focused on the life of Jesus Christ. These
dramas exist until today and are performed mostly
during the Holy Week.

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⊡ Karagatan - It is a form of poetic contest usually played
as part of the rites held in connection with the death of a
person.
⊡ Duplo - It is another poetic contest held when a person
dies or during the wake.
⊡ Senakulo - It is a play that portrays the life, passion, and
crucifixion of Jesus Christ
⊡ Tibag - It tells how Reyna Elena and her son Constantino
searched for Jesus’s cross in Mount Calvary.

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⊡ Moriones - It is a festival in celebration of the life
of Saint Longinus.
⊡ Moro-moro - It is a play written about the
capture of a Christian Filipino army.
⊡ Sarswela - It is a play with songs and dances
with up to five acts, portraying the whimsies of
romantic love.

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The colonization of Spain did not deter
Philippine literature from flourishing;
instead, Philippine literature became
richer and more intricate.

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Spanish Era

⊡ One of the famous poets of the Spanish colonial


period is Francisco Baltazar (1788-1862) who
wrote the awit Florante at Laura. Baltazar was
considered the master of traditional Tagalog poetry.
His work, Florante at Laura was a metaphor for the
tyranny of the Spanish colonizers. Let us read and
analyze “Gubat na Mapanglaw” from Florante at
Laura as translated by Rolando Tinio:

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Florante at Laura

⊡  It was written as a depiction of the country’s


situation during the rule of the Spaniards.
Balagtas was playful with his use of mockery, irony,
paradox, satire, disdain; he sets all this up like
chess pieces. The characters and the setting used
were of foreign origin but the nature, gesture and
custom are undoubtedly Filipino and the events in the
story are similar to the real incidents during that
period.

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