Fused - Heterocycles Nomenclature
Fused - Heterocycles Nomenclature
Fused - Heterocycles Nomenclature
OF FUSED RING
HETEROCYCLES
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Hantzsch-Widman
Nomenclature Fused Ring
Heterocycles
• Fused heterocycles are systems constructed by combining two or more rings.
• The rings are fused if they are linked in such a way that each ring has one common
bond (fusion bond) to each other.
• Moreover, each of the fused ring units should contain a maximum number of non-
cumulative double bonds.
• There are two broad types of fused heterocycles.
• 1. aromatic carbocycle linked to a heterocycle .
• 2. heterocycle linked to another heterocycle.
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Hantzsch-Widman Nomenclature
Rules for Naming Fused Heterocycles
• Many of these fused heterocycles occur naturally in
plant and animal systems, and some are used
commercially.
• Due to their traditional uses, some of these heterocycles
have trivial names that reflect these uses, but also have
IUPAC names that reflect their structure.
• The general format for the name of a fused heterocycle
involving a carbocycle fused to a heterocycle is:
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Hantzsch-Widman
Nomenclature Carbocycle
Fused to
• Following Heterocycle
a similar approach, verify that the
fused heterocycles below are named as follows:
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Hantzsch-Widman Nomenclature
Rules for Fused Aromatic Heterocycles
1.If there is only one component that contain N in fused ring
then N containing ring will make base ring and will be in
suffix and other attached ring will be as prefix .
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Hantzsch-Widman Nomenclature
Rules for Fused Aromatic Heterocycles
3. If both ring have the same heteroatom, but unequal in
size , then largest size ring will make base product.
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Hantzsch-Widman Nomenclature
Fused Heterocycles: Worked Example
5. Illustrated below is the process of naming a fused
heterocycle combining a heterocycle fused to another
heterocycle.
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Worked
Nomenclature of Fused Heterocycles
Examples
Note in these examples that the number for the obligatory
saturated carbon is determined by the numbering that gives
the two heteroatoms the lowest combination of location
numbers.
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Hantzsch-Widman Nomenclature
Fused Heterocycles with Polyheteroatoms
• For fused heterocycles containing a heterocycle with a
multiplicity of heteroatoms, the ring containing the
greatest number of heteroatoms or greatest varieties of
heteroatoms is the parent ring.
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Heterocycles containing more then two ring
If the ring contain same heteroatom and more then two rings are present
,then choose the component contating the greter no of ring
Practice Questions
Nomenclature of Heterocycles
Provide the IUPAC names of the fused
following
heterocycles.
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