Oral Anatomy

BASIC ORAL ANATOMY
The entire oral cavity is lined

with mucous membrane tissue
The vestibule is the space

between the teeth and the inner
mucosal lining of the lips and
checks
The oral cavity proper is the

space contained within the
upper and lower dental arches.
A tooth is made up of three elements:
•Water
•Organic materials
•Inorganic materials
THE DENTITION
The term dentition is used to describe
the natural teeth in the jawbones.
Primary dentition is the first set of 20

primary teeth. Also referred to as
“baby teeth” or “deciduous teeth”
Permanent dentition refers to the 32

secondary or “adult” teeth.
Mixed dentition occurs when both primary and permanent

teeth are present, usually between the ages of 6 to 12.
SECONDARY (PERMANENT)
DENTITION
•Consist of 32 teeth in most cases
•Begin to erupt around 6 years of age
•Most permanent teeth have erupted by age 12
•Third molars (wisdom teeth) are the exception;
often do not appear until late teens or early 20s
TEETH IDENTIFICATIN
CLASSIFICATION OF TEETH:
•Incisors (central and lateral)
•Canines (cuspids)
•Premolars (bicuspids)
•Molars
TEETH IDENTIFICATIN
• Incisors function as cutting or shearing
instruments for food.

• Canines possess the longest roots of all
teeth and are located at the corners of
the dental arch.
• Premolars act like the canines in the
tearing of food and are similar to
molars in the grinding of food.
• Molars re located nearest the temporo
mandibular joint (TMJ), which serves
as
the fulcrum during function.
IDENTIFICATIN (TOOTH SURFACES)
APICAL APICAL
APICAL
LABIAL/ BUCCAL
LINGUAL/ PALATAL
MESIAL
DISTAL MESIAL DISTAL
INCISAL/OCCLUSAL
LABIAL LINGUAL
INCISAL INCISAL
IDENTIFICATIN (TOOTH SURFACES)
Apical: Pertaining to the apex or root of the tooth
Labial: Pertaining to the lip;

describes the front surface of anterior teeth
Lingual: Pertaining to the tongue;

describes the back (interior) surface of all teeth
Distal:
The surface of the tooth that is away from median line
Mesial:
The surface of the tooth that is toward the median line
THE DENTAL TISSUES
Enamel Dentin
Odontoblasst layer Dental Pulp
Gingiva Pulp Chamber
Periodontal
Cementum Ligament
Alveolar Bonne
Apical Pulp Canal

Foramen
THE DENTAL TISSUES
The 4 main dental tissues:

•Enamel
•Dentin
•Cementum
•Dental Pulp
PARTS OF A TOOTH
The 3 parts of a tooth:

•Anatomic Root
•Pulp Chamber
•Anatomic Crown
Anatomic Crown
Pulp Chamber
Anatomic Root
PARTS OF A TOOTH
Anatomic Crown is part of tooth covered by enamel
The pulp chamber houses Anatomic Crown

the dental pulp, an
organ of myelinated and Pulp Chamber
unmyelinated nerves,
arteries, veins, lymph
Anatomic Root
channels, connective
tissue cells, and various
other cells
Anatomic root is lower two third of a tooth

DENTAL TISSUES (ENAMEL)
•Structure
• Highly calcified and hardest tissuein the body
• Crystalline in nature
• Enamel rods
• Insensitive—no nerves
• Acid-soluble—will dematerialize at a pH of 5.5 and

lower
• Cannot be renewed
• Darkens with age as enamel is lost
• Fluoride and saliva can help with
remineralization
DENTAL TISSUES (ENAMEL )
– Physical mechanism
• Abrasion (mechanical wear)
• Attrition (tooth-to-tooth
contact)
• Abfraction (lesions)
– Chemical dissolution
• Erosion by extrinsic acids
(from diet)
• Erosion by intrinsic acids
(from the oral cavity/digestive
tract)
• Multifactorial etiology
– Combination of physical and
chemical factors
DENTAL TISSUES (DENTIN)
•Softer than enamel

•Susceptible to tooth wear
(physical or chemical)
•Does not have a nerve supply but

can be sensitive
•Is produced throughout life
•Three classifications
•Primary
•Secondary
•Tertiary
•Will demineralize at a pH of 6.5
and lower
DENTAL TISSUES (DENTIN)
Primary dentin forms the initial shape of

the tooth.
Secondary dentin is deposited after the
formation of the primary dentin on all internal
aspects of the pulp cavity.
Tertiary dentin, or ―reparative dentin is
formed by replacement odontoblasts in
response to moderate-level
irritants such as attrition, abrasion,
erosion, trauma, moderate- rate
dental caries, and some operative
procedures.
DENTAL TISSUES (DENTINAL TUBULES)
• Dentinal tubules connect

the dentin and the pulp
(innermost part of the
tooth, circumscribed by
the dentin and lined with a
layer of odontoblast cells)
• The tubules run parallel
to each other in an S-
shape course
• Tubules contain fluid and nerve fibers
• External stimuli cause movement of the
dentinal fluid, a hydrodynamic
movement, which can result in short,
sharp pain episodes
DENTAL TISSUES (CEMENTUM)
•Thin layer of mineralized

tissue covering the dentin
•Softer than enamel and
dentin
•Anchors the tooth to
the alveolar bone along
with the periodontal
ligament
•Not sensitive
DENTAL TISSUES (CEMENTUM)
Bonelike, rigid connective tissue covering the root of a

tooth from the cementoenamel junction to the apex and
lining the apex of the root canal.
It also serves as an attachment structure for the
Periodontal ligament, thus assisting in tooth support.
DENTAL TISSUES (DENTAL PULP)
•Innermost part of the tooth

•A soft tissue rich with blood
vessels and nerves
•Responsible for nourishing the
tooth
•The pulp in the crown of the
tooth is known as the coronal
pulp
•Pulp canals traverse the root of
the tooth
•Typically sensitive to extreme
thermal stimulation (hot or cold)
DENTAL TISSUES (PERIODONTIUM)
PERIODONTIUM- GINGIVA
Gingiva
The part of the oral mucosa overlying the crowns of
Unerupted teeth and encircling the necks of erupted
teeth, serving as support structure for sub adjacent
tissues
PERIODONTIUM- ALVEOLAR BONE
Alveolar Bone
Also called the ―alveolar process‖; the thickened ridge of bone.
Thickened ridge of bone containing sockets for teeth in both maxilla
and mandible.
PERIODONTIUM- PERIODONATL LIGAMENT
Periodontal Ligament: Connects the cementum of the

tooth root to the alveolar bone of the socket.
PERIODONTIUM- CEMENTUM

Oral Anatomy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Oral Anatomy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Oral Anatomy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BASIC ORAL ANATOMY

The entire oral cavity is lined

The vestibule is the space

The oral cavity proper is the

Primary dentition is the first set of 20

Permanent dentition refers to the 32

Mixed dentition occurs when both primary and permanent

instruments for food.

Labial: Pertaining to the lip;

Lingual: Pertaining to the tongue;

Gingiva Pulp Chamber

Apical Pulp Canal

The 4 main dental tissues:

The 3 parts of a tooth:

Anatomic Crown is part of tooth covered by enamel

The pulp chamber houses Anatomic Crown

Anatomic root is lower two third of a tooth

• Acid-soluble—will dematerialize at a pH of 5.5 and

•Softer than enamel

•Does not have a nerve supply but

Primary dentin forms the initial shape of

• Dentinal tubules connect

•Thin layer of mineralized

Bonelike, rigid connective tissue covering the root of a

•Innermost part of the tooth

Periodontal Ligament: Connects the cementum of the

You might also like