Dental Anatomy

DENTAL ANATOMY
Moaamel nizar & Ali Alhadi

anatomy department
IUMS
Dental Anatomy
After viewing this lecture, attendees should be able to:
• Identify the major structures of the dental anatomy

• Discuss the primary characteristics of enamel, dentin,
cementum, and dental pulp
Dental Anatomy
Definition (teeth): There are two definitions
•Primary (deciduous)
•Secondary (permanent)
Dental Anatomy
Primary (deciduous)
•Consist of 20 teeth
•Begin to form during the
first trimester of pregnancy
•Typically begin erupting
around 6 months
•Most children have a
complete primary dentition
by 3 years
of age
Dental Anatomy
Secondary (permanent)
•Consist of 32 teeth in most
cases
•Begin to erupt around 6 years
of age
•Most permanent teeth have
erupted by age 12
•Third molars (wisdom teeth)
are the exception; often do
not appear until late teens or
early 20s
Dental Anatomy
Classification of Teeth:
•Incisors (central and lateral)
•Canines (cuspids)
•Premolars (bicuspids)
•Molars
Dental Anatomy
•Incisors function as cutting or shearing
instruments for food.
•Canines possess the longest roots of all
teeth and are located at the corners of
the dental arch.
•Premolars act like the canines in the
tearing of food and are similar to
molars in the grinding of food. Incisor Canine Premolar Molar
•Molars are located nearest the
temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which
serves as the fulcrum during function.
Dental Anatomy
Tooth Surfaces Apical Apical
•Apical
•Labial
Mesial Distal
•Lingual Labial
•Distal
•Mesial Lingual
•Incisal
Incisal
Incisal
Dental Anatomy
•Apical: Pertaining to the
apex or root of the tooth
•Labial: Pertaining to the lip;
describes the front surface of
anterior teeth
•Lingual: Pertaining to the
tongue; describes the back
(interior) surface of all teeth
•Distal: The surface of the
tooth that is away from the
median line
•Mesial: The surface of the
tooth that is toward the
median line
Dental Anatomy
The Dental Tissues:
• Enamel
• Dentin
• Odontoblast layer
• Dental pulp
• Gingiva
• Periodontium
• Interdental papilla
• Cementum
• Alveolar Bone
• Pulp Canals
• Apical Foramina
Dental Anatomy
The 3 parts of a tooth:
• Anatomic Crown
• Anatomic Root
• Pulp Chamber
Dental Anatomy
• The anatomic crown is
the portion of the tooth
covered by enamel.
• The anatomic root is the
lower two thirds of a tooth.
• The pulp chamber
houses the dental pulp,
an organ of myelinated
and unmyelinated nerves,
arteries, veins, lymph
channels, connective
tissue cells, and various
other cells.
Dental Anatomy Enamel
The 4 main dental tissues:

Dental Pulp
• Dentin
Enamel
• Dentin
• Cementum
• Dental Pulp Cementum
Dental Anatomy
Dental Tissues—Enamel
• Structure
• Highly calcified and hardest tissue in the body
• Crystalline in nature
• Enamel rods
• Insensitive—no nerves
• Cannot be renewed
• Darkens with age as enamel is lost
• Fluoride and saliva can help with remineralization
Dental Anatomy
Dental Tissues—Enamel
• Softer than enamel
• Susceptible to tooth wear (physical or
chemical)
• Does not have a nerve supply but can be
sensitive
• Is produced throughout life
• Three classifications
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
Dental Anatomy
Dental Tissues—Dentin
Three classifications:
• Primary dentin forms the initial shape of the tooth.
• Secondary dentin is deposited after the formation of the primary dentin on all
internal aspects of the pulp cavity.
• Tertiary dentin, or “reparative dentin” is formed by replacement odontoblasts in
response to moderate-level irritants such as attrition, abrasion, erosion, trauma,
moderate-rate dental caries, and some operative procedures.
Dental Anatomy
Dental Tissue—Cementum
• Thin layer of mineralized tissue
covering the dentin
• Softer than enamel and dentin
• Anchors the tooth to the alveolar
bone along with the periodontal
ligament
• Not sensitive
Dental Anatomy
Dental Tissue—Dental Pulp

• Innermost part of the tooth
• A soft tissue rich with blood vessels
and nerves
• Responsible for nourishing the tooth
• The pulp in the crown of the tooth is
known as the coronal pulp
• Pulp canals traverse the root of the
tooth
• Typically sensitive to extreme
thermal stimulation (hot or cold)
Dental Anatomy
Periodontal Tissues
•Gingiva
•Alveolar Bone
Gingiva
•Periodontal Ligament
•Cementum Periodontal Ligament
Alveolar Bone
Cementum
Dental Anatomy
•Gingiva: The part of the oral

mucosa overlying the crowns of
unerupted teeth Gingiva
and encircling the necks of
erupted teeth, serving as
support structure for
subadjacent tissues.
Dental Anatomy
•Alveolar Bone: Also called

the “alveolar process”; the
thickened ridge of bone
containing the tooth sockets in
the mandible and maxilla. Alveolar Bone
Dental Anatomy
• Periodontal Ligament:
The periodontal ligament, which
is often abbreviated as the PDL,
is a group of specialized Periodontal Ligament
connective tissue fibers that
attach the tooth to the alveolar
bone. The PDL inserts into root
cementum on one side and onto
alveolar bone on the othe
Dental Anatomy
• Cementum: Bonelike, rigid

connective tissue covering the
root of a tooth from the
cementoenamel junction to the
apex and lining the apex of the
root canal. It also serves as an
attachment structure for the
periodontal ligament, thus
assisting in tooth support.
Cementum
Dental Anatomy
References
1. Oral Health for Children: Patient Education Insert. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2005;26(5 Suppl 1):Insert.
2. Sturdevant JR, Lundeen TF, Sluder TB Jr. Clinical significance of dental anatomy, histology, physiology, and
occlusion. In: Robertson TM, Heymann HO, Swift EJ Jr, eds. Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 4th
ed. Mosby: St. Louis, MO; 2002:13-61.
3. Strassler HE, Drisko CL, Alexander DC. Dentin hypersensitivity: its inter-relationship to gingival recession and acid
erosion. Inside Dentistry. 2008;29(5 Special Issue):3-4.
4. Imfeld T. Dental erosion. Definition, classification and links. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996;104(2 (Pt 2)):151-155.
5. Dentin hypersensitivity: current state of the art and science. In: Pashley DH, Tay FR, Haywood VB, et al. Dentin
Hypersensitivity: Consensus-Based Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Dentin Hypersensitivity.
Inside Dentistry. 2008;4(9 Special Issue):8-18.
6. Dorland’s Medical Dictionary. 29th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company; 2000.
7. Robertson TM, Lundeen TF. Cariology: the lesion, etiology, prevention, and control. In: Robertson TM, Heymann
HO, Swift EJ Jr, eds. Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 4th ed. Mosby: St. Louis, MO; 2002:63-132.
8. Tooth Erosion in Children—US Perspective. Inside Dentistry. 2009;5(3 Suppl):8.
9.Atlas of Human Anatomy by Frank H. Netter seventh edition

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DENTAL ANATOMY

Moaamel nizar & Ali Alhadi

• Identify the major structures of the dental anatomy

Tooth Surfaces Apical Apical

The 4 main dental tissues:

Dental Tissue—Dental Pulp

•Gingiva: The part of the oral

•Alveolar Bone: Also called

• Cementum: Bonelike, rigid

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