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    Prepared By: Intan Rahayu Binti Abd Aziz Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

    Uploaded by

    Rahayu Aziz
    1) The document discusses various types of research problems, methods, variables, hypotheses, samples, instruments, findings and conclusions. 2) Examples of different research topics are provided, including whether teacher gender impacts student happiness and the effects of various teaching methods. 3) Guidance is given on formulating research questions and hypotheses, selecting samples, developing instruments, and reporting findings. Ethical research principles are also outlined.

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    Prepared By: Intan Rahayu Binti Abd Aziz Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

    Uploaded by

    Rahayu Aziz
    58 views30 pages
    1) The document discusses various types of research problems, methods, variables, hypotheses, samples, instruments, findings and conclusions. 2) Examples of different research topics are provided, including whether teacher gender impacts student happiness and the effects of various teaching methods. 3) Guidance is given on formulating research questions and hypotheses, selecting samples, developing instruments, and reporting findings. Ethical research principles are also outlined.

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    Original Title

    INTRODUCTION

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    1) The document discusses various types of research problems, methods, variables, hypotheses, samples, instruments, findings and conclusions. 2) Examples of different research topics are provided, including whether teacher gender impacts student happiness and the effects of various teaching methods. 3) Guidance is given on formulating research questions and hypotheses, selecting samples, developing instruments, and reporting findings. Ethical research principles are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    58 views30 pages

    Prepared By: Intan Rahayu Binti Abd Aziz Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

    Uploaded by

    Rahayu Aziz
    1) The document discusses various types of research problems, methods, variables, hypotheses, samples, instruments, findings and conclusions. 2) Examples of different research topics are provided, including whether teacher gender impacts student happiness and the effects of various teaching methods. 3) Guidance is given on formulating research questions and hypotheses, selecting samples, developing instruments, and reporting findings. Ethical research principles are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Prepared by:

    Intan Rahayu binti Abd Aziz


    Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
     Problem involve areas of concern to
    researchers, conditions they want to improve,
    difficulties they want to eliminate, questions
    for which they seek answers.
     Find “GAP” in the previous research
    1) Are children happier when taught by a
    teacher of the same gender?
    2) What is the best way to teach grammar?
    3) What would school be like today if World War
    II had not occurred?
    4) Does high school achievement influence the
    academic achievement of university
    students?
     What goes on in a secondary school
    classroom during teachers’ meeting?
    (Ethnographic research)
     Do teachers behave differently toward

    students of different gender? (Causal-


    comparative research)
     How do parents feel about the school

    counseling program? (Survey research)


     How can a principal improve the students

    discipline performances? (Interview research)


    1) As shown by enthusiasm in classroom.
    2) As judged by the student’s math teacher using a
    rating scale she developed.
    3) As measured by the “Math Interest” questionnaire.
    4) As shown by attention to math tasks in class.
    5) As reflected by achievement in math.
    6) As indicated by records showing enrollment in
    math electives.
    7) As shown by effort expended in class.
    8) As demonstrated by number of optional
    assignments completed.
    9) As demonstrated by reading math books outside
    class.
    10) As observed by teacher aides using the
    “Mathematics Interest” observation record.
     Independent variable – Dependent variable

     Will students who are taught by a team of three


    teachers learn more Science than students taught by
    one individual teacher?

     Sejauh manakah program mentor mentee memberi


    kesan kepada pencapaian akademik dalam kalangan
    pelajar di sekolah XYZ?

     Adakah kelulusan akademik yang tinggi menjamin


    pendapatan yang lumayan?

     Sejauh manakah pengalaman bekerja sambil belajar


    memberi impak kepada prestasi akademik para
    pelajar di sekolah PQR?
     A prediction of some sort regarding the possible
    outcomes of a study.
     Question:
    Will students who are taught history by a teacher
    of the same gender like the subject more than
    the students taught by a teacher of the different
    gender?
    Hypothesis:
    Students taught history by a teacher of the same
    gender will like the subject more than students
    taught history by a teacher of the different
    gender.
     Essential steps:
     1) defining the research problem as precisely
    as possible
     2) perusing the secondary sources
     3) selecting and perusing an appropriate
    general references
     4) formulating search terms
     5) searching the general references for relevant
    primary sources
     6) obtaining and reading the primary sources,
    and noting and summarizing key points in the
    resources.
    Title Pre-service teachers’ familiarity, interest and
    conceptual understanding of science process skills

    Author Mbewe, S. , Chabalengula, VM. , Mumba,F.


    Publisher PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN THE 21st CENTURY
    Volume 22, 2010 (page 76-86)
    Research (a) To what extent are primary school pre-service
    Question teachers familiar with science process skills?
    (b) To what extent are primary school pre-service
    teachers interested in knowing more about science
    process skills?
    (c) To what extent do primary school pre-service
    teachers understand science process skills?
    Hypothesis N/A
    Methodology Survey
    Sample 91 primary schools, 60 pre-service teachers
    Instrument Questionnaire
    Findings
    Conclusion The results in this study showed that primary
    school pre-service teachers had higher
    familiarity and some interest levels in science
    process skills, but very poor conceptual
    understanding of the science process skills.
    Good or Bad Good
     Sample = any group on which information
    obtained

     Best sample = Population


     The medium to collect data
     Questionnaire, pre-test, post-test,

    observation, rubrics, interview, data


    collection, drawings etc.
     Validity and reliability
     A researcher is interested in the effects of
    drugs on human beings. He asked the warden
    of local penitentiary for subjects to
    participate in an experiment. The warden
    assigns several prisoners to participate in the
    experiment. The prisoners are injected with a
    number of drugs whose effects are unknown.
    Their reaction to the drugs are then described
    in detail by the researcher.
     A researcher is interested in investigating the
    effects of diet on physical development. He
    designs the study in which two groups are to be
    compared. Both groups are composed of 11-
    year-olds. One group is to be given an enriched
    diet, high in vitamins, that has been shown to
    have a strengthening effect on laboratory
    animals. A second group is not to be given this
    diet. The groups are to be selected from all the
    of 11-year-olds in an elementary school in
    Petaling Jaya where the researcher teaches.
     The basic ethical questions for all researchers
    to consider are,

    “Will any physical or physiological harm come


    to anyone as a result of my research?”

    Confidentiality of the research data

    Deception
     APA style
     Eg.:
     Crawford, B. A. (2000). Embracing the

    essence of inquiry: New roles for science


    teachers. Journal of
    Research in Science Teaching, 37, 916-9

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