Solar Tracker System

Solar tracker system
contents :-
 Introduction
 Solar energy
 Technology
 Solar photovoltaic array
 Need of solar tracker
 How solar work
 Condition for maximum power generation
 System description
 Conclusion
Introduction:
Our aim is to design the system, which
will automatically track the sun’s position
and accordingly change the direction of the
solar panel to get the maximum output from
the solar cell.
solar tracking system which will increase the

efficiency of solar system.
Solar energy :
Solar energy is the most abundant stream of
energy. It is available directly as solar isolation
and indirectly as wind energy.
Solar energy has the sources of renewable

energy. Its potential is 178 Billion MW, which is
about 20,000 times the world’s demand. Sun
sends out energy in the form of electromagnetic
radiation.
TECHNOLOGY:
Semi conductors are materials which are
neither conductors nor insulators. The photo
voltaic effect can be observed in nature in a
variety of materials but semiconductors has
shown best performance.
When photons from the sun are falls
on a semiconductor matrial they create for
electrons with higher energies. They must be
.create electric field.
It provided by a junction of materials.

P-Type Semiconductor:
When a small amount of trivalent impurities

(e.g. Gallium, Indium, Aluminum, and Boron)
are added to intrinsic semiconductor, it is called
as p type semiconductor.
N- Type Semiconductor:
When a small amount of pentavalent

impurities (e.g. Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth,
Phosphorus) are added to intrinsic
semiconductors(silicon,selenium) it is called N
type semiconductor.
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY :
The solar photovoltaic array consists of

an appropriate number of solar cells
connected in series and or parallel to provide
the required current and voltage.
There may be tracking arrays or modules

or fixed arrays.
A tracking array is defined as one which is

always kept mechanically perpendicular to
the sun.
How solar works
Sunlight Photon hit the solar panels
 Panels convert these Photons into
electrons
 More energy is produced in more sunlight
 Transfer Electrons to inverter
 Convert “DC” power to “AC” power
 Use AC power in the home for running electronic equipment and appliances
NEED OF A SOLAR
TRACKER:
The output of solar cells depends on the
intensity of sunlight and the angle of
incidence, it means to get maximum
efficiency; the solar panels must remain in
front of sun during the whole day.
The panels can’t maintain their position

always in front of sun. This problem results
in decrease of their efficiency. Thus to get
a constant output, tracking system is
required.
CONDITION FOR MAXIMUM POWER
GENERATION:
For a photovoltaic(PV) cell, the voltage

produced is proportional to the power of the
light hitting.
if the surface of the PV cell is not
orthogonal to the light source, the voltage
decreases.
projected area, or the cosine of the
angle are showen in fig.
Maximum power is generated when
θ=0
cos 0 = 1
v = vocosθ
v = vo
Vo = maximum voltage generated
That means The sun rays are perpendicular

falls on the solar plate.
And we can increase the power
generation up to 35-40 % more than a fixed
solar panel.
Techniques for solar tracking system:
• use of sensors mounted on solar

panels to obtain the desired rotation.
• the diurnal motion of the sun is well

understood. Solar panels orientation is
computer controlled and depending on
sun’s calculated position.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION:
The tracking model is implemented using single

mount flat solar panel this system consist of :-
• solar panel
• solar mount
• two stepper motors
• four photodiodes
• control unit
A key pad is used to control the rotation of the

panel manually.
Block diagram of Solar Tracker System
Working
 The micro-controller will read all the four

sensor values I of all the four sensor value is
are equal or higher than the average day light
then the solar tracker system will switch to
automatic mode ,else the solar tracker will
switch to manual.
 In the automatic mode the micro-controller

will first read the north and south sensor values
and compare it, if the north and south sensor
values are equal then no alignment is required.
else if the south sensor is less than the north
the controller should switch the base stepper
motor to rotate in the clockwise direction
• else if the south sensor is greater than the

north the controller should switch the base
stepper motor to rotate in the anti-clockwise
direction.
• In the manual mode the solar panel can be

rotated on both the axis using keypad, the
keypad will contain four keys to move the panel
in east, west, north and south direction.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF
SOLAR POWER:
Air Pollution:
This can be caused by chemical reactants used in
storage for heat transport. The release of CO, SO2,
SO3, hydrocarbon vapors and other toxic gases.
Land Use:
Solar plants require large land and the collection
field produce shading not over large areas. This
may cause disturbance in local ecosystem.
 Benefits of Solar Electricity (PV)
 Energy Independence
 “Fuel” is delivered free everywhere
 Minimal maintenance
 Maximum reliability
 Portability and mobility
 Reduce Vulnerability to power loss
 Systems are easily expanded (modularity)

Disadvantages Of Solar Tracker:
It has more costly.
It require more time for installing.
It may be require extra power supply for motor.
It require more maintaince.
APPLICATIONS:
For controlling Renewable Energy sources
For House hold purposes
For industrial requirements

RESULT AND CONCLUSION:
 In the present system, solar panels used

are stationary which gives less output and
hence decrease the efficiency.
 we have tried to make an automated solar

tracking system which will increase the 30%-
40% efficiency of the solar panel system.
Thanks…………….

Solar Tracker System

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Solar tracker system

solar tracking system which will increase the

Solar energy has the sources of renewable

It provided by a junction of materials.

When a small amount of trivalent impurities

When a small amount of pentavalent

The solar photovoltaic array consists of

There may be tracking arrays or modules

A tracking array is defined as one which is

The panels can’t maintain their position

For a photovoltaic(PV) cell, the voltage

Vo = maximum voltage generated

That means The sun rays are perpendicular

• use of sensors mounted on solar

• the diurnal motion of the sun is well

The tracking model is implemented using single

A key pad is used to control the rotation of the

 The micro-controller will read all the four

 In the automatic mode the micro-controller

• else if the south sensor is greater than the

• In the manual mode the solar panel can be

 “Fuel” is delivered free everywhere

 Portability and mobility

 Reduce Vulnerability to power loss

 Systems are easily expanded (modularity)

For House hold purposes

For industrial requirements

 In the present system, solar panels used

 we have tried to make an automated solar

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