Report On Quantum Computing
Report On Quantum Computing
Report On Quantum Computing
Classical computers manipulate ones and zeroes to crunch through operations, but
quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits. Just like classical computers, quantum
computers use ones and zeros, but qubits have a third state called “superposition” that
allows them to represent a one or a zero at the same time. Instead of analyzing a one or a
zero sequentially, superposition allows two qubits in superposition to represent four
scenarios at the same time. Therefore, the time it takes to crunch a data set is significantly
reduced.
Images of quantum computers
Applications
Quantum simulation: Quantum computers are useful to scientists for conducting virtual experiments. This is
known as quantum simulations. We could model chemical reactions—because interactions among atoms in a
chemical reaction is a quantum process.
Cryptography: Quantum computers will be able to read secret messages communicated over the internet using
the current technologies (such as RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and other cryptographic protocols that are based on the
hardness of number-theoretic problems like factoring and discrete logarithm).
Quantum search: Another use of quantum computers is searching huge amounts of data. Let’s say that we have a
large phone book, ordered alphabetically by individual names (and not by phone numbers). If we wanted to find
the person who has the phone number 6097348000, we would have to go through the whole phone book and look
at every entry. For a phone book with one million phone numbers, it could take one million steps. In 1996, Lov
Grover from Bell Labs discovered that a quantum computer would be able to do the same task with one thousand
steps instead of one million. More generally, quantum computers would be useful whenever we have to find
something in a large amount of data: “a needle in a haystack”.
Quantum supremacy: John Preskill introduced the term quantum supremacy to refer to the hypothetical speedup
advantage that a quantum computer would have over a classical computer in a certain field.
Summary