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Polyvinylacetate & Derivatives: Jitendra Singh

Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is produced via free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer. PVAc is a noncrystalline thermoplastic that is manufactured through bulk, solution, or emulsion polymerization processes. It finds major applications as an adhesive in wood glue and textiles due to its polarity, flexibility, and moisture resistance. PVAc can also be used as a plasticizer or additive to lower the cost of acrylic paints. Important derivatives of PVAc include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, and polyvinyl formal which have uses in paints, lacquers, and adhesives.

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HILL RANGAMATI
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100 views

Polyvinylacetate & Derivatives: Jitendra Singh

Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is produced via free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer. PVAc is a noncrystalline thermoplastic that is manufactured through bulk, solution, or emulsion polymerization processes. It finds major applications as an adhesive in wood glue and textiles due to its polarity, flexibility, and moisture resistance. PVAc can also be used as a plasticizer or additive to lower the cost of acrylic paints. Important derivatives of PVAc include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, and polyvinyl formal which have uses in paints, lacquers, and adhesives.

Uploaded by

HILL RANGAMATI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polyvinylacetate

&
Derivatives

Jitendra Singh
INDEX
1. Introduction
2. Monomer Preparation
3. Monomer Properties
4. Molecular structure
5. Properties of PVAc
6. Mechanism of Polymerisation
7. Manufacture of PVAc
8. Applications
INTRODUCTION:
The polyvinyl ester family has the general formula -
[RCOOCHCH2]-.
 The most important member is polyvinyl acetate (PVAC).
It is a completely atactic, highly branched, noncrystalline
thermoplastic, prepared by conventional free-radical
polymerization.
The homopolymer of PVAc has a glass transition
temperature around room temperature (32 degree C)
Monomer Preparation
Substituting Ethylene –Replacing
one H with an acetate group

Vinyl group (Ethylene)

Vinyl Acitate
Vinyl acetate (CH2=CHO2CCH3) is prepared from ethylene by
reaction with oxygen and acetic acid over a palladium catalyst.
Monomer Properties
 Vinyl acetate is an irritating, colourless liquid
which is flammable.
 It is a relatively low-cost monomer which
can be readily copolymerized with other
monomers, such ethylene.
 Vinyl acetate has a boiling point of 72.5 C at
atmospheric pressure.
 Vinyl acetate, on polymerization produceds
PolyVinyl acetate
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Polyvinyl / Polyethylene

Polyvinylacitate
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

=
Polymeric Binder

 PVAc is a polar molecule


 Thermoplastic in nature
 Softens at High temp.
 Moisture compromises performance
 It has good resistance to UV and oxidation
 Brittle below the Tg and very sticky above it
Mechanism of Polymerisation:
Manufacture of PVAc
 Under the action of free-radical initiators, vinyl acetate
monomers (single-unit molecules) can be linked into
long, branched polymers (large, multiple-unit
molecules) of PVAc

 The manufacturing of PVAc is carried out by following


processes:

1. Bulk Polymerisation
2. Solution Polymerisation
3. Emulsion Polymerisation
PVAc through Bulk Polymerisation
Emulsion Polymerisation
Emulsion Polymerisation

 The monomer can be polymerized while dispersed in


water to form a milky-white emulsion.

 This fluid can be processed directly into latex paints, in


which the PVAc forms a strong, flexible, adherent film.

 It can also be made into a common household adhesive


known as white glue or Elmer’s glue.
APPLICATIONS:
1. Most of the polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) produced is
used in the adhesive market.

2. It is one of the main ingredients of water based glues,


commonly referred to as wood glue, carpenter's glue

3. PVACs is used as plasticizers, thickeners for paints,


textile finishes, plastic and cement additives, chewing
gum etc.
4. It is noticeably cheaper than acrylic resins
(approximately half the cost of acrylics) and is, therefore,
sometimes added to acrylic latex paints to lower costs.

5. PVAC emulsions are used as adhesives for porous


materials, particularly for wood, paper, and cloth. Major
applications are furniture and packaging bonding and
book binding.

6. The most important derivative of PVAC are Polyvinyl


alcohol, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyvinyl formal
(PVF) which find vast uses in paints, lacquers, and
adhesives etc.
Polyvinylalcohol
• Introduction
• Monomer Preparation
• Molecular structure
• Properties of PVA
• Mechanism of Polymerisation
• Manufacturing process
• Applications

28/11/20 16
INTRODUCTION
 Poly(vinyl alcohol) also known as PVOH, PVA,
or PVAL
 It is a synthetic polymer that is soluble in water.

28/11/20 17
 It is effective in film forming ,emulsifying, and has an
adhesive quality
.
 It has no odor and is not toxic and is resistant to grease ,
oils , and solvents.

 Polyvinyl polymer are prepared by polymerisation of its


corresponding monomers but PVA is not formed by its
corresponding monomer.

 PVA is produced by polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) through


transesterification.
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MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF PVA

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PROPERTIES
 The chemical and physical properties of PVA may vary based
on the percentage of hydrolysis which determines the PVA
grade and its molecular weight.

 Compared with any other known polymer, PVA demonstrates


remarkably superior features as an oxygen barrier; however, to
avoid the degradation of its permeability toward gas, it must
be protected from moisture.

 PVA is partially crystalline upon formation and is


characterized by properties such as chemical resistance, water
solubility, and biodegradability.
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MECHANISM OF POLYMERISATION

 PVA is not produced by polymerisation of monomer


 It is produced by transesterification of polyvinyl acetate.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS

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APPLICATION
• Polyvinyl alcohol is widely used to strengthen textile yarn
and papers particularly make the later more resilient to oil
and grease.
• It is also used in fresh water sports fishing.
• PVA is also used as a coating agent for food supplements
and does not pose any health risks as it is not poisonous.
• To combat moisture formation from foodstuff , PVA film is
created to be thin and water resistant.
• Use of PVA in pharmaceuticals market .
• Use of PVA in coat of medicine tablet is quite prominent.

28/11/20 23
References

1. Wikipedia.com
2. polymerdatabase.com
3. Brydson J.A., 1999, Plastic
Materials.Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom.
THANK

YOU

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