Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 43 views

    Motor Theory

    Uploaded by

    RM Haroon
    The document provides an overview of AC motor theory, including how AC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using magnetic fields that induce current in the rotor. It discusses motor components, speed determination based on frequency, torque production based on voltage, and speed control methods. It also covers motor nameplate information, winding connections, and types of induction motors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Motor Theory

    Uploaded by

    RM Haroon
    43 views22 pages
    The document provides an overview of AC motor theory, including how AC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using magnetic fields that induce current in the rotor. It discusses motor components, speed determination based on frequency, torque production based on voltage, and speed control methods. It also covers motor nameplate information, winding connections, and types of induction motors.

    Original Title

    motor theory

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document provides an overview of AC motor theory, including how AC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using magnetic fields that induce current in the rotor. It discusses motor components, speed determination based on frequency, torque production based on voltage, and speed control methods. It also covers motor nameplate information, winding connections, and types of induction motors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    43 views22 pages

    Motor Theory

    Uploaded by

    RM Haroon
    The document provides an overview of AC motor theory, including how AC motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using magnetic fields that induce current in the rotor. It discusses motor components, speed determination based on frequency, torque production based on voltage, and speed control methods. It also covers motor nameplate information, winding connections, and types of induction motors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    AC Motor Theory

     Over View
    – History
    – AC Motors Convert Electrical Energy to Mechanical
    Energy
    » Induction
    » Motor Components
    » The Magnetic Field
    » Speed
    » Slip
    » Slip Control

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     Overview (cont.)
    – AC Motors Convert Electrical Energy to
    Mechanical Energy
    » Torque
    – Speed Control
    – Nameplate Information
    – Motor Winding Connections
    – Types of Induction Motors

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     First Electric Motor Was DC in 1833


    – Simple to control speed
     First AC Motor in 1899
    – Simple and Robust
    – Fixed speed and torque characteristics

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into


    Mechanical Energy
    – When a conductor is moving across a magnetic
    field a voltage is induced
    – If the conductor is part of a closed circuit there
    will be a current induced

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into


    Mechanical Energy
    – In a motor, the induction principle is utilized in
    reverse
    » A live conductor is placed in a magnetic field
    » The conductor is influenced by a force which tries
    to move it through the magnetic field

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into


    Mechanical Energy
    – The AC motor is made up of two parts
    » The Stator
     The stationary section that contain the windings
    » The Rotor
     The rotating section that contains the conductors

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into


    Mechanical Energy
    – The Magnetic Field
    » Rotates in the air gap between the stator and the rotor
    » Has a fixed location in the stator core but its direction
    varies
     Speed of direction change is determined by the frequency of
    the AC line
     The field changes 60 times per second with 60 Hz power

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory
     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into Mechanical
    Energy
    – The Magnetic Field
    » When three phases are introduced in the motor three magnetic fields
    are introduced
     Make up a symmetrical rotating
     120 degrees apart
     Poles of opposite polarity are formed
    – Speed = (frequency x 120) / # of poles
     (60 Hz x 120) / 4 poles = 1800 rpm
     Theoretical or Synchronous - need to factor
    in “slip”

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into


    Mechanical Energy
    – Slip
    » The rotor is not quite able to keep up with the
    magnetic field rotation so rotates slightly slower
    » Slip is typically 3-8% of synchronous speed
    » So, actual motor speed equals:
    Speed = ((Frequency x 120) / # of poles) - Slip
    ((60Hz x 120) / 4 poles) - 50 rpm) = 1750 rpm

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory
     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into
    Mechanical Energy
    – Slip Control
    » Slip can be controlled through motor voltage
    » If voltage is reduced then slip will increase
     Soft Starts
    » Since AC motors are designed for a certain voltage and
    frequency ratio, changing the voltage alone will cause
    improper magnetization and increase losses and motor
    heat

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into


    Mechanical Energy
    – Speeds of Typical Motors @ 60 Hz
    2 pole = 3600 rpm - slip
    4 pole = 1800 rpm - slip
    6 pole = 1200 rpm - slip
    8 pole = 900 rpm - slip

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     AC Motors Convert Electric Energy into


    Mechanical Energy
    – Motor torque is affected by the voltage
    – As voltage increases in relation to frequency,
    torque increases

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     Torque in AC Motors
    – A one hp, four pole motor (1800 rpm sync.) has
    approximately 3 ft-lbs. of torque
    – If the V/Hz ratio remains constant then the
    torque will remain constant over the speed
    range

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

    Pop Quiz!

    Motor A is a Four Pole, 1750 rpm, 100


    hp motor
    Motor B is a Two Pole, 3500 rpm, 200
    hp motor
    Which motor has more torque?

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

    Answer: The torque will be the same.


    Remember that horsepower is a function of
    speed and torque. Although motor B has
    twice the horsepower it also has to go twice
    the speed.
    So, how much torque will they have?

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

    Answer: 300 ft.-lbs.

    Since a 1 hp, 1750 RPM motor creates 3 ft.-lbs.


    then a 100 hp, 1750 rpm motor will create
    300 ft.-lbs.

    Remember: Horsepower is not the whole story!

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory

     Speed Control In AC Motors


    – Proper Speed Variation
    » Since the rotor follows the rotating magnetic field
    then the rotor will slow with a lower frequency
    » Since the motor is designed for a certain voltage to
    frequency ratio, if we lower voltage in proportion to
    the frequency the torque will remain constant

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory
     Typical Motor Nameplate Data
    – Frame size
    » NEMA standard sizes
    » Lower rpm motors will have larger frame sizes to help cool
    since the cooling fan is moving less air
    – Horsepower
    – RPM
    – Voltage
    – Full Load Amps
    » For each voltage (208-230/460 VAC)

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory
     Typical Motor Nameplate Data
    – Power Factor (not on all motors)
    » Ratio of how much current is active to reactive
     Active current goes to shaft output
     Reactive current builds the magnetic field
    – Insulation class
    – Enclosure
    » ODP - Open, drip proof
    » TEFC - Totally enclosed, fan cooled
    » TEBC - Totally enclosed, blower cooled

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory
     Motor Winding Connections
    – Typical motor has nine leads
    – Follow motor instructions for connections for your
    nominal voltage
    » 230 VAC diagrams will have the windings in parallel
    » 460 VAC diagrams will have the windings in series
    – On part winding start motors tie both the start and the
    run together
    » Verify that both windings have the same
    rotation

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory
     Types of AC Induction Motors
    – Standard efficient
    – Energy efficient
    » Federal government requiring all new motors to be energy
    efficient
    – Inverter Duty
    » Higher class insulation, phase paper, mounts for constant
    velocity fan
    – Vector Duty
    » Same as inverter duty but with a shaft encoder

    In te c
    AC Motor Theory
     Conclusion
    – AC Motors operate through rotating magnetic
    fields
    – The speed of the motor is determined by the
    frequency of the power supply
    – The torque of the motor is determined by the
    voltage applied
    – AC motors are designed for a fixed voltage to
    frequency ratio

    In te c

    You might also like