MALAYAN COLLEGES

LAGUNA
 MATH014
SOLID MENSURATION
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 At the end of the lecture, you should be able to:
 Solve problems involving sphere.
 Solve problems involving spherical segment
and spherical sector.
 A sphere is a solid bounded by a closed surface
every point of which is equidistant from a fixed
point called center.

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 Properties:
 Every plane section of a sphere
is a circle.
 If the plane contains a
diameter of the sphere, the
section is a great circle;
otherwise, the section is a small
circle

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 Properties:
 All great circles of a sphere are
equal.
 Every great circle bisects the
sphere.
 Of two circles cut from a
sphere by planes unequally
distant from the center, the
nearer is the greater.

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 FORMULAS:
 The volume of a sphere is equal
to 4π/3 times the cube of its
radius.
 Volume = 4π / 3 ( radius )3

4 3
V  r
3

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 FORMULAS:
 The area of the surface of a
sphere is equal to the area of
four of its great circle.
 Area = area of 4 great circles

SA  4r 2

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Solve:
 19/175
 20/175
 22/175
 24/175
 26/175

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 A spherical segment is a solid bounded by a zone
and the planes of the zone’s bases..

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 Properties:
 The altitude of a spherical
segment is the perpendicular
distance between the bases.
 If one of the parallel planes is
tangent to the sphere, the
segment is called a segment of
one base.

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 FORMULAS:
 The area of the surface is
 Total area = area of zone + areas of bases
 TSA = Azone + A1 + A2
r1
 The volume is given by
 V =1/6 {πh(3r12 + 3r22 + h2)}
 For a single base r2
 V =1/6 { πh(3r2 + h2)}
 V =1/3 {π h2 (3R-h)}

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Solve
 3/183
 4/183

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 A zone is that portion of a sphere included between
two parallel planes.

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 Properties:
 The circumferences of the
sections made by the planes are
called the bases of the zone, and
the distance between the planes is
the altitude of the zone.
 A zone of one base is a zone one of
whose bounding planes is tangent
to the sphere.

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 FORMULAS:
 The area of any zone is equal to the product of its
altitude and the circumference of a great circle of the
sphere.
 Area: A  2Rh

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Solve:
 1/183
 2/183

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 SPHERICAL LUNE
 The curved surface formed by the
intersection of two hemispheres.
Surface area
S= 4πR2 (Ө/2π)

S = 2R2Ө
R

 Note: Ө in radians

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The area of a lune is 32Π
cm2 and the area of its
sphere is 256 Π cm2, find
the angle of lune in
degrees.

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Solve:
 5/183
 6/183

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 SPHERICAL WEDGE
 A spherical wedge or ungula is a portion of a
ball bounded by two plane semidisks and a
spherical lune (termed the wedge's base).

 The angle between the radii

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 SPHERICAL WEDGE

 The volume of a spherical wedge is given by

Vol = )
 A spherical wedge of α = π radians (180°) is
called a hemisphere, while a spherical wedge
of α = 2π radians (360°) constitutes a
complete ball.

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 SPHERICAL WEDGE
 PROBLEMS:
 A spherical wedge of a sphere of radius 10 cm has an
angle of 40˚. Determine its volume. (465.42 cu. cm )
 Find the volume of a spherical wedge of radius 10 cm
and central angle 50˚.
 Find the volume of a 30-degree spherical wedge
whose lune measures 3,250 sq.cm.
 A watermelon slice is in a form of a wedge with angle
of 15˚. If the skin (inedible part) is 1cm thick and
the watermelon is 40cm in diameter, find the volume
of the edible part of the slice. Find the volume of the
skin.

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 A spherical sector is a solid generated by rotating a
sector of a circle about an axis which passes
through the center of the circle but which contains
no point inside the sector.

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 Properties:
 The bounding surfaces of a spherical sector are a
zone, which is called the base, and one or two conical
surfaces.
 A spherical sector having only one conical surface is
called a spherical cone.

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 FORMULAS:
 The surface area is
Total area = area of zone + lateral area of cones
TSA = Az + S1 + S2
 The volume is given by
V =1/3 { area of zone(radius)}
V =1/3 {Az(R)}

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 PROBLEMS:
 A top is cast in the form of a spherical sector. The slant height
of the conical portion is 2 in and the element of the cone is
inclined 30˚ to the axis.
Find the cost of the material in manufacturing 1000 such tops if
the material used costs 90 cents a cubic foot.
 (ans: $1.169)
 A pearl eardrop consists of a spherical segment which is
surmounted by a cone. The cone and the segment have a common
base. The slant height of the cone is equal to the radius of the
sphere of which the segment is a part. Find the amount of
material used in manufacturing 100,000 of these eardrops if the
radius of the sphere is ½ in and the altitude of the surmounting
cone is 3/8 in.
 (ans: 6545 cu. in.)
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 PROBLEMS:
 The lower portion of a perfume droper is made of solid
glass and is in the shape of a spherical cone. The altitude
of the conical part is 2 in and the radius of the base is ¼
in. Find the volume of glass used to make the glass
portion of 20,000 droppers.
 (ans: 2648.6 cu. in.)
 A knob on a colonial bedpost is in the shape of a spherical
cone whose base measures 1.5 sq. in. and the radius of the
sphere from which it is cut is 3 in. Find the volume of
wood contained in the knob.
 (ans: 1.527 cu. in.)

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 PROBLEMS:
 A marlin spike, a nautical tool used for opening or
separating the strands of a rope in splicing is in the
shape of a spherical cone, the radius of whose
sphere is 1.5 ft and the area of whose zone is 1 sq. in.
Find the weight of 100 spikes if they are made of
iron which weighs 450 lb per cu. ft.
 (ans: 156.25 lb.)

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1. Find the area illuminated by a candle h ft from the
surface of a ball r ft in radius. How much surface is
illuminated when a candle is 10 ft away from a ball 5
ft in radius?
2. A hollow glass bowl in the shape of a sphere of
radius 4 in is filled with water to a depth of 3 in.
Find the volume of the water. If the water flows out
through a small hole in the bottom so that the level
drops by 2 in how much water has escaped?
3. The center of each of two spheres of radius R lies in
the surface of the other sphere. Find the volume
common to the two spheres.
4. A spherical container is partly filled w/ water 12 cm
deep at the lower part & oil 6cm deep above the
water. If the volume of water is equal to the volume
of oil, compute for the radii of oil and water
surfaces.

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 Find the volume of the earth’s atmosphere if it
extends 50 miles from the surface (R=3960
miles)
 A hemispherical bowl was filled to a depth of 6
in. w/ mixture of two equal parts, one white and
the other red. After sometime, the mixture
separated, the red below the white. If the
thickness of the white segment is 2in, find the
volume of liquid in the bowl.
 To what height must a man be raised above the
earth in order to see ¼ of its surface?

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 PROBLEMS:
 The inside of a wash basin is in the form of a segment of a
sphere; the distance across the top is 18 in, and its greatest
depth is 7 in. Find how many pints of water it will hold. 1 gal
is 8 pint and 1 cu.ft. is 7.48 gal.
 (ans: 37.06 pints)
 A hollow glass bowl in the shape of a sphere of radius 4 in is
filled with water to a depth of 3 in. Find the volume of the
water. If the water flows out through a small hole in the
bottom so that the level drops by 2 in how much water has
escaped?
 (ans: 84.823 cu. in., 73.304 cu. in.)

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 PROBLEMS:
 The water in a hemispherical bowl 18 in across the top
is 6 in deep. What percentage of the capacity of the
bowl is filled?
 (ans: 51.852%. )
 An experimental laboratory fills 100 globes with a
certain gas to intensify the lighting effect. The
space occupied by the gas is a spherical segment of
one base the radius of whose sphere is 6 in. If the
altitude of the segment is 5 in, find the volume of the
gas required.
 (ans: 34,033.9 cu. in.)
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 PROBLEMS:
 A 6 inches spherical float is used as a location mark
for a rowboat anchor. It floats in salt water. Find
the depth to which the float sinks if the material of
which the float is made weighs 16.5 lb per cu. Ft. and
salt water weighs 63 lb per cu. ft.
 ( ans: 2 in)
 The center of each of two spheres of radius R lies in
the surface of the other sphere. Find the volume
common to the two spheres.
 ( ans: (5πR3)/12 )

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 PROBLEMS:
 Find the weight of a
snowball 4 ft in diameter if
the wet compact snow of
which this ball is made
weighs 30lb per cu. ft.

 ( Ans: 1005.3 lb.

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 PROBLEMS:
 The diameter of a copper
sphere is 6 cm. It is beaten
and drawn into a wire of a
diameter 0.4 cm. Find the
length of the wire.

 ( Ans: l = 900cm. )

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 PROBLEMS:
 An iron ball 4 inches
in diameter weighs 9
lb. Find the weight of
an iron shell 2 inches
thick whose external
diameter is 20 inches.

 ( Ans: l = 549 lb. )

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 PROBLEMS:
 The surface of a hemispherical dome whose diameter is
36 ft is to be covered with gold leaf which costs 15 cents
per square inch. What must be paid for the gold leaf?
 ( Ans: $43971)
 A cubic foot of ivory weighs 114 lb. Find the weight of
1000 ivory billiard balls 2.5 inches in diameter.
 A steel plant has to fill an order from an automobile
manufacturer for 100,000 steel ball bearings ½ inches in
diameter. What is the total weight of the metal required
to fill this order, if steel weighs 480 lb per cu. ft?

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 PROBLEMS:
 Find the volume and surface area of the earth. (Consider
the earth s perfect sphere of diameter 7960 miles.)
 Find the volume and total area of a sphere which
circumscribes a cylinder of revolution whose altitude and
diameter are each 6 in.
 Find the volume of the largest cube that can be cut from a
sphere of diameter 5 in.
 Compare the volume of a sphere inscribed in a cube with the
volume of a sphere that circumscribed the cube.

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 ANSWERS:
 1005.3 lb
 549 lb
 $43971
 539.74
 5026.6 33510
 1818.1
 1.9906 x 108 2.6408 x 1011

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 PROBLEMS:
 A spherical wooden ball 1 ft in diameter is used as a
float for a boat. If the ball sinks to a depth of 7 in,
find the area of the wetted surface.
 (ans: 263.89 sq. in.)
 A wooden ball 11.15 in in diameter sinks to s depth of
9.37 in in water. Find the area of the wetted
surface.
 (ans: 328.22 sq. in.)

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 PROBLEMS:
 A wooden sphere of radius 15 in rests in a circular
hole in a board. The radius of the hole is 5 in. How
far below the upper surface of the board does the
sphere extend? Find the area of the sphere below
the board. Find the area of the sphere above the
board.
 (ans: 0.8579 in)

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 PROBLEMS:
 What part of the surface of the earth is included
between the parallels 30˚N and 60˚N?
 (ans: 0.1830)
 A spherical ball of radius 3.5 in is dropped into a
conical vessel whose vertex angle is 73˚30’. What is
the area of the portion of the sphere which lies
above the circle of contact with the cone?
 (ans: 123 sq. in.)

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 PROBLEMS:
 Find the area illuminated by a candle h ft from the
surface of a ball r ft in radius. How much surface is
illuminated when a candle is 10 ft away from a ball 5
ft in radius?
 (ans: 2πr2h/(h+r), 104.72 sq.ft. )
 How much of the earth’s surface would a man see if
he were raised to a height of a diameter above it?
 (ans: 1/3)

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 PROBLEMS:
 Find the area illuminated by a candle h ft from the
surface of a ball r ft in radius. How much surface is
illuminated when a candle is 10 ft away from a ball 5
ft in radius?
 (ans: 2πr2h/(h+r), 104.72 sq.ft. )
 How much of the earth’s surface would a man see if
he were raised to a height of a diameter above it?
 (ans: 1/3)

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