Climate Change and Sustainability

Climate Change and Sustainability
Course Code: 19MBAC802

•What is Climate ?
•According to NASA- (National

Aeronautics and Space
Administration) Climate is defined
as “Average atmospheric changes
over relatively long periods of time
considerably 30 years.”
• What is Change ?
•Change is defined as
transformation of subject from
one state to another state
• Climate Change ?
United Nation Framework Convention of

Climate Change (UNFCCC) define Climate
Change as “ A Change of climate which is
attributed directly /indirectly to human activity
that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is in addition to natural
climate variability observed over comparable
time periods.
•Sustainability / Sustainable Development
•UN Burndtland Commission define

sustainability as “ Meeting the needs of
present generation without compromising
the ability of the future generation to
meet their own needs.”
A Conceptual Framework for analyzing
climate change in the concept of
sustainability
•A Framework s are logical structure over
which the indicators are developed
•Framework promote interpretation and

integration of the logical structure and
make the indicators understandable to non-
experts.
•Framework also help in identify the

measures and what to expect from these
measurement , how to develop the linkages
to get an meaning full information.
•There are two broad frameworks used to
distinguishing factors between different
•1) Natural Capital Accounting
Framework
•2) Causal Framework
•The Main difference among these two

frameworks are the ways in which they
conceptualize the main dimensions of
Sustainable Development (SD), the inter-
linkages between the dimensions , the
grouping of the issues and concepts
selected to be measured .
Natural Capital Accounting
Framework
• To understand the framework , 1st

we need to understand the meaning
of Natural Capital
•“Natural capital is another term for

the stock of renewable and non-
renewable resources (e.g. plants,
animals, air, water, soils, minerals)
that combine to yield a flow of
benefits to people."
•What is natural capital accounting?
Natural capital accounting is the

process of calculating the total stocks
of natural capital in a given
ecosystem or region.
Principal:
Its underlying premise is that since the

environment is important to society and
the economy, it should be recognized as
an asset that must be maintained and
managed, and its contributions (services)
be better integrated into commonly used
frameworks like the System of National
Accounts.
History –
General commitment by the international

community to support the development of
natural capital accounting was motivated
early on by the Brundtland Report in 1987
and the 1992 Rio Summit. At the Summit
in particular, Agenda 21 – in which
Chapter 40 called for signatories to
develop quantitative information regarding
their activities – was adopted.
In September 1992, the Commission
on the Environment of the
Organization of American States
(OAS) Permanent Council held a
Seminar on Natural Resource and
Environmental Accounts for
Development Policy. Many of the
country participants expressed interest
in developing accounting capacities for
natural resources. A proposal was
made at that time to create a program
to coordinate and strengthen the
efforts of countries and institutions
undertaking such initiatives
•The development of the first
system of environmental-economic accounti
ng
(SEEA) in 1993 (SEEA-1993) was a major
step towards establishing standards around
integrating the environment into national
accounts, and subsequently,
environmentally-adjusting or "greening"
macroeconomic indicators such as GDP.
• It is an accounting framework that

records the stocks and flows that are
relevant to both the environment and the
economy.
Its Central Framework comprises three
main accounts that can be integrated
with the existing
United Nations System of National Acc
ounts
(SNA), and each focuses on a different
aspect of the interaction between the
economy and the environment: physical
flow accounts; functional accounts for
environmental transactions; and asset
accounts in physical and monetary
terms.
Fig. Natural capital approaches consider the
relationships between natural assets, the services
they support and the benefits derived from them.
Causal Framework
•This framework introduces the concept of the
cause and effect relationship among
diagnostic variables (i.e. indicators)
•Causal framework can be effective
understood by referring pressure, state and
response framework model which is widely
used in sustainable development indicator
initiatives.
•‘Pressure’ indicators represent human
activities, processes, and patterns that impact
on SD either positively or negatively. ‘State’
indicators provide a reading on the present
state of affairs, while ‘response’ indicators
represent societal actions aimed at pursuing
SD. The PSR framework was developed and
popularized by OECD (2003).
Fig. Pressure , State and Response Framework
PSR framework groups, indicators related to

human pressures on the environment, actual
states of the environment, and the responses,
which may be undertaken to lessen the damage.
Background debate to climate Change
•Average surface temperature on the earth has

risen by 20 F or more in last 100 years. During
this period atmospheric levels of the GHG’s
such as CO2 and methane CH4 has notably
increased.
•In this regard UN general assembly held a

scientific conference on 5th to 16th June 1972
held in Stockholm Sweden. The focus of the
conference on how to manage economic and
social development, and not from a conservation
perspective.
Data source: NASA's Goddard Institute for
Space Studies (GISS)
https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-t
emperature/
Impact of the Climate Change on India
and Globe
Economic , Environmental and social
perspective of sustainability and its
influence on Human development
Economic Satiability perspective- Implies a
system of production that satisfies present
consumption levels without compromising
future needs
•The notion of ‘economic sustainability’
was originated by Hicks.
•Hicks defined Income as the amount one
can consume during period and still be as
well off at the end of the period
•Restrained resource use helps to ensure
the sustainable human development in
long-term
Social Sustainability:
•In the most basic sense “social sustainability”

implies a system of social organization that
alleviates poverty.
•In a more fundamental sense, social

sustainability establishers the nexus between
social conditions and environmental decay.
•Environmental sustainability is prerequisite

of economic growth and poverty alleviation.
•The best example of the social sustainability

in the Indian context is Kerala
Environmental Sustainability
‘Environmental sustainability’ requires
maintaining natural capital as both a provider
of economic inputs called ‘sources’ and an
absorber called ‘sinks’ of economic outputs
called ‘ wastes’ (Daly, 1973; 1974; World Bank,
1986). At the ‘source site’, harvest rates of
resources must be kept within regeneration
rates. At the ‘sink site’, waste emissions from
industrial production must be controlled so as
it does not exceed the capacity of the
environment to assimilate them without
impairment Goodland 1995 .
•Goodland (1995), was able to establish a overlap
among the 3 components of the development, the
intersection area of the overlap is called as
sustainability / sustainable development .
•He was able to establish a need to focus more on
the environmental sustainability at the global level
as the developing nations are focusing on economic
development and poverty alleviation as these
nations are finding difficulties in responding to
unprecedented threats to global environment .
•The protection of natural systems represents not an
overarching universal remedy for achieving
economic vitality and social justice, but a necessary
component of an entire system for achieving
economic, social and environmental ‘sustainability’,
in which economic reforms and social reforms are as
important.

Climate Change and Sustainability

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Climate Change and Sustainability

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Climate Change and Sustainability

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Climate Change and Sustainability

Course Code: 19MBAC802

•According to NASA- (National

United Nation Framework Convention of

•UN Burndtland Commission define

•Framework promote interpretation and

•Framework also help in identify the

•The Main difference among these two

• To understand the framework , 1st

•“Natural capital is another term for

Natural capital accounting is the

Its underlying premise is that since the

General commitment by the international

• It is an accounting framework that

PSR framework groups, indicators related to

•Average surface temperature on the earth has

•In this regard UN general assembly held a

•In the most basic sense “social sustainability”

•In a more fundamental sense, social

•Environmental sustainability is prerequisite

•The best example of the social sustainability

You might also like