Height Work

Fall Prevention and Protection
Training
• Training Objectives:
– Recognition of Fall Hazards
– Basic Fall Prevention Principles
– Basic Fall Protection Principles
• Behavior Outcome:
– Correctly Identify Fall Hazards and Apply
Fall Prevention and Fall Protection
Solutions
What is a Fall Hazard?
 Types of Fall Hazards:
 Falls to a lower level
 Falls from a higher level
 Falls to the same level
 Slips
 Trips
How High Can You Go Before
You are Afraid of Falling?
Height 90% of people who fall
1.0 m from > 1.8 m (6 ft) suffers
1.8 m
serious injury …..maybe fatal !
2.5 m
3.0 m
3.5 m
4.0 m
> 4.0 m
Locations requiring Fall Protection
 Unprotected sides & edges

 Form work & reinforcing
steel
 Wall openings
 Precast concrete erection
 Ramps, runaway, & other
walkways
 Protection from falling
objects
 Walking/working surfaces
Fall Protection Systems
Formwork & Reinforcing Steel
Each employee on the face of formwork or
reinforcing steel to be protected at 6’ with personal
fall arrest system, nets, OR positioning device
Only properly erected scaffold checked and tagged allowed

Ramps,
walkways
etc.
Fall Hazard Analysis
• Before finding a solution – the hazard

must be evaluated.
• Use Hazard or Risk Prediction --

What are the conditions and
behaviors to consider?
Hazard or Risk Prediction
Example:
• How high is the work area?
• How will we get to the work
area?
• What are the hazards below
the work area?
• Are there holes or openings
below or around the work
area?
• Are there slip or trip
hazards around the work
area?
• How difficult is it to rescue
someone if the fall?
NO PROPER
WORKING PLATFORM !
Fall Hazard Solutions
• Once fall hazards are identified –
work on options for solution
• Apply the Hierarchy of Control – first
Prevent, then Protect
– What are my options for fall prevention?
– What are my options for fall protection?
Fall Prevention Options
• Platforms and Railings
• Lifts
• Scaffolding
• Ladders
• Fall Restraint Systems
• Mobile Stairs
These have specific design requirements
– must be constructed under professional
engineers design.
Fall Prevention Options –
Platforms & Railings
• Platforms and
Railings
– Routine work
– Hazardous
chemicals loading
and unloading
Top Rail
Mid Rail
Only HARD BARRIERS

ACCEPTABLE ! Toe Board
Guard Rail
System
Fall Protection
Guardrail System requirements

Top rail @ 42”+/-3” must meet 200 lb force

Midrail @21”+/-3” must meet 150 lb force

Toeboard 4”

Lifts
• Personnel Lifts
– Scissor Lifts
– Articulating Lifts
• Advantages and Disadvantages?
Should we tie-off inside a

personnel lift?
!Yes – for restraint !
Lifts
What's wrong in this picture?

Scaffolding
• Scaffolding
– OSHA regulations
– Scaffolding
guidance
Ladders
• Ladders
– Use the Belt Buckle Rule
– Maintain 3-pt contact
– Non-metal ladder for electrical
work
• Advantages and Disadvantages?
Ladders
 Inspect ladder before each use
 Never use top 2 rungs (because 3-pt
contact cannot be kept)
 must extend 3 feet (90cm) above landing
surface
 if ladder > 10’ (3m), must tie-off ladder
Ladders
• Stepladders should not exceed 20 feet
in length
• Stepladders should not be used as a
straight ladder
• No ladder should be used in a
horizontal position
• Ladders are designed to be used to
gain access to different locations, and
not as work platforms
Ladders
• Worker must always face the ladder and
maintain 3-pt contact
• If a ladder is used near a door or in a
traffic area, barricades or guards should
be used
• Ladder access points should be kept clear
of tools, materials, and debris
• Ladders should not be tied together to
achieve a greater length
ASKING FOR TROUBLE ?
Is this correct ladder usage?

A man used this ladder alone and The base of the ladder slipped on the
unsecured. smooth surface, the man fell and
struck his head
Contributing factors:
Unsecured ladder, Smooth surface, Poorly maintained equipment &
One person !
Improper use + poorly maintained equipment = Injury
Fall Protection Options –
Introduction
• What is Fall Protection?
– Administration
• Warning Lines
• Permit Systems
– Personal Fall Arrest Device
– Safety Nets
Fall Protection Options –
Personal Fall Arrest Device
• Full Body Harness
• Energy Absorbing Lanyard
• Self-Retracting Lanyard
• Connectors
• Ladder Climbing Devices
• Vertical Lifeline
• Horizontal Lifeline
These have specific design and performance requirements

– some are established, and some must be engineered.
All of these requires additional training and background.
Personal Protective Equipment –
Full Body Harness
• Full Body Harness
– Leg closures
– No metal above the
waist for electrical work
– Back D-ring for fall arrest
– Front D-ring for rescue
– Side D’s for positioning
– Fire Resistant for hot
work/welding
• What about Body Belts?
Energy Absorbing Lanyard
• Energy Absorbing
Lanyard
– Energy absorber
shock pack
– Double locking
snap hooks, or
locking carabiner
– Minimal length for
the work – no
longer than 1.8 m
(6 feet)
Personal Protective Equipment
Self-Retracting Lanyard
 Self-Retracting
Lanyard
 Double locking snap
hooks
 Minimizes free fall
distance
 Maintain overhead
anchorage
Connectors
• Connectors --
– Double locking
snap hooks
Locking Carabiners –
use with horizontal
lifelines
Ladder Climbing Device
 Used with Fixed
Ladders
 Used with a full body
harness
 Minimal length lanyard
connected in front
Vertical Lifeline
• Vertical Lifelines
• Rope Grabs
Safety Nets

 Safety net systems
 As close as practicable, no more than 30’
below
 Fall area to net unobstructed
 Sufficient clearance to objects below
Safety Nets

 Nets must be drop tested with 400 lb bag of
sand prior to use or certified
 Nets to be inspected weekly & after impacts

 Nets cleaned daily

Safety Nets

Outward extension of safety nets

Vertical Distance Horizontal Distance
Up to 5’ 8’
Greater than 5’ to 10’ 10’
Greater than 10’ 13’

Roof
Roof openings
openings
must
must have
have
guardrails
guardrails
around
around them,
them,
or
or be
be properly
properly
covered
covered
More workers fall to their
deaths from, or through, roofs.
What’s wrong here?
Sometimes it’s just obvious!

Makeshift device
used to increase
working level
height. Platform
not secured and no
fall protection
provided.
Reference:
1926.451(c)(2)(V)
1926.451(f)( 15)
1926.451(g)(1)
Where is the fall protection?
Do you think this platform is secured?

Some things are
just so obvious.
No fall protection
They are both at risk of falling to the outside or inside
of this structure.
Don’t Get Caught in the Drop Zone
Falls Kill
Plank
overhang
excessive
Guardrails
missing at all
scaffold levels
DON’T BECOME A STATISTIC!!
So what’s his
harness attached to?
They must think they can fly.
There are many activities in
Construction Engineering that involve
Working at Height !
An unprotected Fall from a height

as low as 1.5 meters can be
FATAL
A person
stood on a
truck while it
was being
loaded, a
spool rolled
towards him.
He stepped
backward and
fell to the
ground
Working at height !
Think before you act:
• What could happen if I slip ?
• How could I do this job safely ?
He tripped and fell

backwards, striking his head
on the ground !
Guiding a rod into a

basket - walking
backwards !
Before you start work,Think &

Check:
Is there a danger of falling ?
Working at height !
Why does he need to
climb on this container ?
What should
CT I SE he have done ?
R A
A FEP !
UNS TO P
S
Did he save any time ?
A man stood on a container bracket to free a

snagged lifting sling ! He slipped, fell and Why didn’t someone say
broke his wrist! STOP ?
Think not about how you can do the job,

Think how you can do the job SAFELY
Working at height !
Are there Ingredients for an incident
at your location ?
• Are Harnesses in bad condition ?

• Are there any high work areas that are “Unrailed” ?
• Is there unnecessary use of ladders ?
• Do YOU check fall arresters before you use them ?
Discuss the falling from height Incidents presented here

and those that have happened at your location.
Working at height !
Discuss:
What YOU can do to make your workplace a safer place.
Some Suggestions:
• Inspect YOUR fall protection equipment TODAY and if
required, repair or replace them.
• Make sure ALL fall arresters on your site are included in
your Inspection Programmes.
• DO NOT work at height without fall protection.
• Don’t look the other way STOP all unsafe work.
• Never use a ladder unless it is fixed or held.

Working at height !
The incidents presented are only a few
of the incidents that have occurred in
Construction Engineering - there are many more !
Remember if you fall

from a height of 1.5 m
you could be
Seriously Injured
or Killed
Working at height !
If you think the work is unsafe
STOP
 Look after yourself
 Look after the
people around you
The fall won’t hurt,
but the sudden stop will !
 Look after yourself

 Look after the people around you

Height Work

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Fall Prevention and Protection

 Falls to the same level

 Unprotected sides & edges

Only properly erected scaffold checked and tagged allowed

• Before finding a solution – the hazard

• Use Hazard or Risk Prediction --

Only HARD BARRIERS

Top rail @ 42”+/-3” must meet 200 lb force

Should we tie-off inside a

What's wrong in this picture?

Is this correct ladder usage?

These have specific design and performance requirements

 Nets to be inspected weekly & after impacts

Sometimes it’s just obvious!

Do you think this platform is secured?

An unprotected Fall from a height

He tripped and fell

Guiding a rod into a

Before you start work,Think &

A man stood on a container bracket to free a

Think not about how you can do the job,

• Are Harnesses in bad condition ?

Discuss the falling from height Incidents presented here

• Never use a ladder unless it is fixed or held.

Remember if you fall

 Look after yourself

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