LPG SAFETY

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LPG SAFETY
What is LPG?
• LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) generally comes
in two common forms:
* BUTANE
* PROPANE
Butane is predominantly used in portable
heaters and leisure applications such as
barbecues, while propane is predominantly
used in domestic heating, commercial cooking,
industrial applications, etc.
LPG SAFETY
LPG is usually stored in portable pressurized
cylinders, but can be stored in larger quantities
using bulk storage tanks. Being pressurized means
that any time there is a leak, large quantities of
highly flammable gas can be released and is a
significant fire hazard.
LPG SAFETY

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LPG SAFETY
LPG - PROPERTIES
• LPG is a liquid when pressurized in a cylinder and
only becomes a gas when it is released. LPG as
a gas is heavier than air, almost two times
heavier for butane, and one-and-a-half times for
propane. This means that if there is a leak the
gas will collect in low points such as in drains and
sewers and remain a fire hazard for some time
before dispersing.
LPG SAFETY
LPG is non-toxic and generally there are no injurious
effects to humans except in large quantities by
inhalation. LPG in its natural state is colorless, odorless
and tasteless, and so to warn us of a leak the
manufacturers add an odorant, which is a harmless
chemical and gives LPG its characteristic smell.
 LPG SAFETY
• LPG is highly flammable and has a very low flash point, −60 °C
for butane, and −104 °C for propane, so at normal
temperature & air pressure LPG will ignite when exposed to an
ignition source. LPG burns with a very high temperature flame,
above 1,000 °C for a pre-mixed flame. Moreover, LPG only
needs a small quantity of gas in air by volume for flammability
to occur, 1.9% to 8.5% for butane, and 2% to 10.3% for
propane in air. This means that LPG needs lots of air to
support combustion, externally air is readily available, but
inside building adequate ventilation must be provided when
burning LPG. Without an adequate supply of fresh air
incomplete combustion of the LPG will occur and deadly carbon
monoxide gas is produced. Carbon monoxide [CO] is a deadly
colorless, odorless and tasteless gas known as the ‘silent killer’.
LPG SAFETY
Symptoms of carbon monoxide
poisoning
Minor concentrations and exposure…
• Shortness of breath
• Mild nausea
• Mild headaches
Moderate concentrations and exposure…
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Light-headedness
Prolonged and high concentrations can result loss of
consciousness and death!
LPG SAFETY
Treatment options for persons suffering from
carbon monoxide poisoning:
• Get the victims into fresh air immediately
• Evacuate all persons from the affected house or building
• Open all windows and doors
• Turn off the LPG using the valve on the cylinder
• Call for emergency assistance and get persons affected
by carbon monoxide to a hospital as quickly as possible .
LPG SAFETY
LPG – avoiding leaks
• Due to the high flammability of LPG, even a
minor leak is a serious hazard. This is made
worse because humans may not be able to detect
the slight odor from a minor LPG leak, but it is
vital that any potential leaks are identified and
quickly eliminated. But if you smell a strong gas
leak you must TURN OFF the supply at the
cylinder valve and have it investigated by a
qualified and experienced plumber. NEVER use
matches, cigarette lighters or any other open
flame to search for gas leaks.
LPG SAFETY
But if you suspect you have a minor gas leak, a simple
and quick LPG leak detector can be made by adding
some soap or washing up detergent liquid to water.
Sprinkle the soapy water with a rag or a brush all over
the LPG pipework and cylinder valve, and wherever
there is a leak large bubbles will form. If you detect a
leak no matter how small, IMMEDIATELY TURN
OFF the LPG using the valve on the cylinder. Have a
qualified and experienced plumber correct the leak
before attempting to reuse the LPG equipment.
Prevention of leaks is always better than having to
deal with a dangerous LPG fire or worse an explosion.
LPG SAFETY

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LPG SAFETY
Suitable leak prevention measures
• Use only purpose made steel-braided synthetic-
rubber LPG hoses with threaded couplings and
they will last for many years without leaks. Copper
pipes can be used but they can be quickly worn
out after many repetitive connections and
reconnections, and so they are not recommended.
LPG SAFETY
• Natural rubber hoses [often pink or light brown color]
with ‘jubilee clips’ (adjustable clamps) MUST NEVER BE
USED. LPG dries out the natural rubber and eventually
it will split or crack causing a leak; and ‘jubilee clips’ or
twisted wire can easily work loose or bite into the rubber
if they are too tight causing leaks.
• If the cylinder valve is broken or the coupling threads
are damaged, DO NOT USE and replace with a new
cylinder.
LPG SAFETY
• LPG is under high pressure in the cylinder, and so the
regulator safely reduces the gas pressure before it
reaches your LPG appliance. Accordingly, if the
regulator is damaged or malfunctioning, high pressure
gas may reach your LPG appliance resulting in potential
serious injury and fire. If you suspect the regulator is
not functioning correctly DO NOT USE and contact
your local LPG dealer/vendor to check the regulator
and replace it if cannot be properly and safely repaired.
LPG SAFETY

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LPG SAFETY

• LPG can be used for cooking and heating, and so to avoid

leaks or accidents it is very important that your LPG
appliance is working correctly with no damaged control
valves, flame failure devices, burners, etc. Have LPG
dealer/vendor or a qualified and experienced plumber
check your LPG appliance at least ONCE A YEAR.
LPG SAFETY
If you discover a LPG leak inside a building YOU MUST
do the following:
• AVOID panicking
• TURN OFF all control valves on your LPG appliances
(cooking stoves, space heaters, etc)
• DO NOT use matches, cigarette lighters or any other
open flames to search for gas leaks
• DO NOT operate electrical switches
• TURN OFF the LPG cylinder valve
• EXTINGUISH all open flames in the house (candles,
oil lamps, incense sticks, etc)
• OPEN all doors and windows
• Report the emergency
LPG SAFETY
If you discover a LPG leak outside YOU MUST do
the following:
• AVOID panicking
• TURN OFF all control valves on your LPG
appliances (barbecue grills, space heaters, etc)
• DO NOT use matches, cigarette lighters or any
other open flames to search for gas leaks
• TURN OFF the LPG cylinder valve
• EXTINGUISH all open flames (candles, oil lamps,
incense sticks, etc) within 10-meters (30-ft) of any
LPG appliance, pipework or the cylinder
• Report the emergency
LPG SAFETY
LPG - cylinders
When full LPG cylinders are heavy, have sharp edges
in places and contain liquefied gas under pressure.
The main hazards are as follows:
• Blast impact from a gas cylinder explosion or rapid
release of compressed gas, following a mechanical
impact or fire
• Impact from parts of LPG cylinders or valves that fail
• Fire resulting from the escape of LPG
• Impact from falling cylinders, or manual handling
injuries
LPG SAFETY

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LPG SAFETY
The correct procedure for replacing
an empty LPG cylinder is as follows:
Removing an empty cylinder…
• Turn off all control valves on your LPG appliance
• Turn off the valve on the LPG cylinder
• Using the correct size wrench, carefully undo the
nut on the pipe coupling
• Remove the pipe coupling and with your finger
check the condition of the synthetic rubber ‘O’ ring
seal. If the seal is damaged replace before reusing
the coupling
• Remove the LPG cylinder
 LPG SAFETY
Installing a full cylinder…
• Put the LPG cylinder in position and remove the dust cap (if
provided)
• Carefully reinstall the pipe coupling finger tight making sure
the threads are properly aligned, and then tighten the nut on
the pipe coupling with the correct size wrench. Do not over
tighten or damage the nut
• Prepare a mixture of soap or washing up detergent liquid in
some water, turn on the LPG cylinder valve fully open, and
using a brush or rag cover the nut, regulator and surrounding
pipework with the soapy solution. If no large bubbles are
observed the LPG appliance is ready to use. However, if
bubbles appear there is a gas leak, turn off the cylinder valve
and investigate the cause. Repeat the process and if the leak
persists, have a qualified and experienced plumber to inspect
the problem.
LPG SAFETY
When transporting empty or refilled LPG cylinders,
they should be in an upright position and must be
securely tied down to ensure they do not roll around
and get damaged. Check that the valve is firmly turned
off before putting the LPG cylinder into a vehicle, and
no smoking during any part of the journey.
LPG SAFETY

Smaller quantities of LPG are available in Camping Gaz

(Gas) Cartridges; the hazards are same for the larger
cylinders, except the cartridge is constructed from
aluminum alloy. This means the cartridge can be more
easily punctured by sharp objects and has less
resistance to heat during a fire or from strong sunlight.
LPG SAFETY

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LPG SAFETY

LPG can be stored in larger quantities than in a cylinder,

such as bulk storage tanks, but the entire installation
must be designed, installed and operated in accordance
with NFPA 54 [National Fuel Gas Code]. This is beyond
the scope of the normal user and this must be handled
by an LPG specialist mechanical engineer.
 THANK YOU

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