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    Pragmatics Reference and Inference

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    Miftahul Jannah
    This document discusses key concepts in pragmatics related to reference and inference. It defines reference as the relationship between language forms and real-world referents, and inference as deducing conclusions from evidence and prior knowledge. Referring expressions are language forms that refer to something outside of language, such as noun phrases. Referential uses refer to definite people or things, while attributive uses describe whoever or whatever fits a description. Co-text provides linguistic context for referring expressions. Anaphoric reference involves a subsequent expression referring back to an antecedent expression.

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    Pragmatics Reference and Inference

    Uploaded by

    Miftahul Jannah
    2K views10 pages
    This document discusses key concepts in pragmatics related to reference and inference. It defines reference as the relationship between language forms and real-world referents, and inference as deducing conclusions from evidence and prior knowledge. Referring expressions are language forms that refer to something outside of language, such as noun phrases. Referential uses refer to definite people or things, while attributive uses describe whoever or whatever fits a description. Co-text provides linguistic context for referring expressions. Anaphoric reference involves a subsequent expression referring back to an antecedent expression.

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    This document discusses key concepts in pragmatics related to reference and inference. It defines reference as the relationship between language forms and real-world referents, and inference as deducing conclusions from evidence and prior knowledge. Referring expressions are language forms that refer to something outside of language, such as noun phrases. Referential uses refer to definite people or things, while attributive uses describe whoever or whatever fits a description. Co-text provides linguistic context for referring expressions. Anaphoric reference involves a subsequent expression referring back to an antecedent expression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2K views10 pages

    Pragmatics Reference and Inference

    Uploaded by

    Miftahul Jannah
    This document discusses key concepts in pragmatics related to reference and inference. It defines reference as the relationship between language forms and real-world referents, and inference as deducing conclusions from evidence and prior knowledge. Referring expressions are language forms that refer to something outside of language, such as noun phrases. Referential uses refer to definite people or things, while attributive uses describe whoever or whatever fits a description. Co-text provides linguistic context for referring expressions. Anaphoric reference involves a subsequent expression referring back to an antecedent expression.

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    Pragmatics

    Reference and
    Inference
    Reference
    The relationship between language
    form and some physical identity,
    which is the referent of that sign.
    An act in which a speaker or a writer
    use a linguistic forms to enable a
    listeners or a reader to identify
    something
    Inference
    An idea or conclusion that is drawn from
    evidence and reasoning
    An educated guess
    The process of inferring things based on what is
    already known
    Referring expression
    A piece of language or linguistic form that is used and linked to
    something outside language.
    Can be NP, Proper Noun, or Pronoun
    Examples:
    A cat under the tree eats fish

    A beautiful lady comes to the party

     The underlined italic phrase is called referring expression


    Referential and attributive uses
    Names and referents
    The role of co-text
    Anaphoric reference
    Referential attributive uses
     Definite person or thing
    in the mind  Whoever or whatever fits to
    the description

    For instance;

    Martin wants to marry a woman with lots


    of money
    Names and referents
    Names referents
    label for things to
    A real object or the entity
    identify what they
    identified by the use of a
    denote
    referring expression

    e.g. may I borrow your Shakespeare ?


    The role of co-text
    Co-text is Linguistic forms that accompanying the
    referring expression
    E.g. Brazil wins the World Cup

    Referring expression Co-text


    Anaphoric reference

    Subsequent reference to already introduced

    referents
    The second or subsequent expressions

    Linguistic expression that has antecedent

    Linguistic expression that refers to another


    linguistic expression
    Antecedent ; the initial expression
    antecedent; word that comes before pronoun.

    Examples: Mary is sick. She wants to see a


    doctor
    Mary is antecedent, she is anaphora

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