Promoting Personal Hygiene & Promoting Rest & Sleep

Promoting Personal Hygiene &
Promoting Rest & Sleep

Definition of Hygiene
• Hygiene means those practices that promote
health through personal cleanliness , such as
performing bathing , oral care , cleaning and
maintaining fingernails and toenails clean ,
hair shampoo , grooming hair also personal
hygiene can be through cleaning hearing aids ,
eye glasses and eye contact in order to
ensure proper functioning
What is the integumentary system
• Means the covering cover the surface of the
body and its opening include skin , mucous
membrane , hair , nails and teeth
• A-Skin : as you know consist of epidermis ,
dermis and the subcutaneous tissues
• Epidermis or outermost layer contains dead
skin cells that contains tough protein called
KERATIN
• Keratin protects the layers and structures
within the lower potions of the skin
• Dermis or true skin which contains most of the
secreted glands
• Subcutaneous layers separates the skin from
skeletal muscles , contains fat cells , blood
vessels , nerves and root of the hair follicles
and glands
• Function of the skin :
• Protect inner body structures from injury and
infection
• Regulate body temperature
• Maintain fluid and chemical balance
• Provide sensory information such as pain ,
temperature , touch and pressure
• Assist in converting to Vitamin D when
• exposed to sunlight
B-Mucous Membrane : Continuous with the
skin and line body passage such as the
digestive system , urinary , and reproductive
systems , also mucous membrane lines the
conjunctiva of the eyes , Goblet cells in the
mucous membranes secrete mucus , slimy
substances keeps membranes soft and moist
• C-Hair : made by Keratin ( Protein) , normal
distribution of the hair all over the body
except the sole and hands and depend on
male and female , infant , adult , and ethic
group
• Sebaceous gland in the hair follicles release
sebum an oily secretion that adds weight an
oily hair attract dust and debris
• D-Nails : Fingernails and toenails also made of
Keratin which gives them tough texture give
some protection to the digitals , normal nail
are thin , pink and smooth
• Change in the shape , color , texture ,
thickness and integrity of the nails provide
evidence of local injury or infection or disease
• E-Teeth : adults have 28 to 32 teeth , healthy
teeth are firmly fixed with the gums , any
inflammation of the gums called Gingivitis ,
normally teeth color is white but sometimes
changes occur due to coffee or tea , cigarette
or certain drugs and the integrity of the teeth
depends on the personal hygiene of the oral
care
Hygiene Practices : Through
• Bathing , in which the person uses cleansing
agent such as soap and water bathing ha s
several benefits are :
• Eliminating body odor
• Reducing the potential for infection
• Stimulating circulation
• Providing a refreshed and relaxed feeling
• Improving self-image
Types of Bathing
• tub bath or shower
• Partial bath : means washing only those body
area subject to greatest soiling or that sources
of body odor such as face , hands , axillae ,
genital area , can be done in the sink or with
the basin at the beside of the patient
• Bed bath : will be done in the lab with the care
for nails and genital area
Shaving & Oral Hygiene
• Shaving : means removes unwanted body hair
shaving done with electric or safety razor or
blade
• Oral Hygiene : Clean the mouth by using tooth
brush , tooth paste and dental floss
• Dentures : requires special care ( Explain)
Two types of Oral Hygiene
• 1-Assist the client with oral hygiene ( Explain)
• 2-Provide the client oral care for the
unconscious client
• Hair Care : practice in lab (Explain)

• Care for eyeglasses , contact lenses , hearing
aids…
Nursing Diagnosis related to Personal
Hygiene
• Self-care deficit , bathing/hygiene

• Self-care deficit dressing / Grooming
• Activity intolerance
• Risk for impaired skin integrity
Promoting Comfort , Rest & Sleep
• Definition of Comfort : is a state of reduce
physical activity for the purpose of
refreshment
• Definition of Sleep : is a state of rest in which
the person has an alternation of
consciousness
How we can promote comfort , rest &
sleep
• 1-The client environment : his/her room ,
room color , floor , lighting , ventilation , room
furnishing , privacy , chairs over bed table…
• 2-Sleep & Rest : Functions of SLEEP
• Reducing fatigue
• Stabilizing mood
• Improving blood flow to the brain
• Increasing protein synthesis
• Maintaining the disease-fighting mechanisms
of the immune system
• Promoting cellular growth and repair
• Improving the capacity for learning and
memory storage
• CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS : are Biological clocks ,
complete a full cycle every 24 hours
Sleep Phases
• Researches reveals that there are 2 major

stages of sleep
• 1-Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM)
• 2-Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
• (Discuss the photocopy)
Sleep Cycle
• Normally during sleep cycles a person passes
through 4 stages of sleep NREM , then there is
reversed from stage VI to stage III to stage to
stage II and instead of reentering stage I and
awaken the person enters into REM stage of
sleep then reenter to stage II , IV.. Awaken occurs
• Sleep Requirement : Requires 8 hrs of sleep to an
adult , Infant requires 14-20 and growing children
10-14 hrs of sleep
Factors affecting Sleep
• Nurses should be aware of the factors in order
to reduce or eliminate the cause :
• Light *Activity
• Environment *Motivation
• Emotions & Moods
• Food & Beverage
• Illness & Drugs
Common Sleep Disorder
• 1-Insomnia : Characterized by difficulty of
sleep , intermittent sleep , insomnia is the
more common sleep disorder most people
how suffers from insomnia are
• Older people
• History of depression
• Change from normal environment
• Stress
Signs & Symptoms of Insomnia
• Feeling tired
• Lethargic
• Irritable
• Difficulty to concentrate
• Treatment : Not necessary but if the insomnia
more than 3 to 4 weeks it is important to treat
the cause
• 2-Hypersomnia : is a condition characterized by
excessive sleep particularly during the day ,
work , while eating during conversation
• Causes are :
• Apnea *Certain drugs
• Drug abuse or alcohol
• Head trauma * Depression
• Some disease such as Multiple sclerosis epilepsy
• 3-Narcolepsy : is a condition characterized by
uncontrolled desire to sleep , fall asleep
during standing , driving a car , conversation ,
while swimming
• Narcolepsy start with adolescence and
adulthood and continue through the life
• 4-Sleep apnea : absence of sleep during sleep
for 10 to 20 second more may lead to brain
damage , sometimes may be due to
obstruction of tonsils or adenoid or sinus
• 5-Restless Leg Syndrome : Unpleasant
creeping in the calf or ankle or thigh
• Treatment : Eliminate caffeine , analgesic
drugs , apply hot water
• 6-Parasomina : is another type of disorder the
person may experience waking during the
night or grinding the teeth or taking or
nocturnal enuresis
• Nursing Implication for the sleep disorders :
• When the nurse is aware here we can apply
relaxation through different kinds of bed-
making and back rub or massage (In the Lab
explain types of bedmaking)

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Promoting Personal Hygiene &

Promoting Rest & Sleep

• Hair Care : practice in lab (Explain)

• Self-care deficit , bathing/hygiene

• Researches reveals that there are 2 major

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