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    GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY and GLOBAL MIGRATION

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    Bernellie Mae Araneta
    1. Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including changes in population size, composition, and distribution over time. 2. The demographic transition describes the shift from high mortality and fertility rates to lower rates that historically occurred in developed countries. This transition began in Europe in the late 1700s and occurred later in other parts of the world. 3. Population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. It is influenced by factors like mortality, fertility rates, and the demographic transition. Global population shares shifted over the 20th century as growth rates increased in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.

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    GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY and GLOBAL MIGRATION

    Uploaded by

    Bernellie Mae Araneta
    2K views24 pages
    1. Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including changes in population size, composition, and distribution over time. 2. The demographic transition describes the shift from high mortality and fertility rates to lower rates that historically occurred in developed countries. This transition began in Europe in the late 1700s and occurred later in other parts of the world. 3. Population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. It is influenced by factors like mortality, fertility rates, and the demographic transition. Global population shares shifted over the 20th century as growth rates increased in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.

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    GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY and GLOBAL MIGRATION

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    1. Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including changes in population size, composition, and distribution over time. 2. The demographic transition describes the shift from high mortality and fertility rates to lower rates that historically occurred in developed countries. This transition began in Europe in the late 1700s and occurred later in other parts of the world. 3. Population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. It is influenced by factors like mortality, fertility rates, and the demographic transition. Global population shares shifted over the 20th century as growth rates increased in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.

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    2K views24 pages

    GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY and GLOBAL MIGRATION

    Uploaded by

    Bernellie Mae Araneta
    1. Demography is the scientific study of human populations, including changes in population size, composition, and distribution over time. 2. The demographic transition describes the shift from high mortality and fertility rates to lower rates that historically occurred in developed countries. This transition began in Europe in the late 1700s and occurred later in other parts of the world. 3. Population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. It is influenced by factors like mortality, fertility rates, and the demographic transition. Global population shares shifted over the 20th century as growth rates increased in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.

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    The key takeaways are that demographic transition involves declining mortality and fertility rates over time, affecting population growth rates globally. Different regions experienced this transition at varying times, impacting factors like life expectancy.

    Demographic transition is a period when mortality and fertility rates decline from high to low levels in a region or country. This impacts population growth, as countries may experience a baby boom after transition is complete. The timing and pace of transition varied significantly between places.

    Fertility rates are influenced by social and economic development, while life expectancy is impacted by factors like income level and access to healthcare. There were large gaps historically between more developed places like Japan and less developed regions in these factors.

    GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

    DEMOGRAPHY

    is the scientific study of human population in which includes study


    of changes in population size, composition and its distribution
    Demographic transition is a
    singular historical period during
    which mortality and fertility
    rates decline from high to low
    levels in a particular country or
    region.
    The broad outlines of the
    transition have varied
    considerably.
    POPULATION GROWTH

    Is the increase in the number of


    individuals in a population. It is a major
    factor in energy consumption, housing,
    shortages, inflation, food security,
    unemployment, and environmental
    degradation.
    The transition started in mid or late 1700s in Europe. During
    the time, death rates and fertility began to decline. High to
    low fertility happened in 2000 years in France and 1OO years
    in the United States. In other parts of the world, the transition
    began later.
    FERTILITY
    Refers to the actual number of children born to a woman or a group of
    women.
    A simple way to measure fertility is to get the crude birth rate; the
    number of registered births per 1000 of the population in a given area
    at a specified time

    CBR = Registered number of births in a year X 1000

    Total population
    According to Maddison(2001), life expectancy occurred in
    India was only 24 years in the twentieth century while the
    same life expectancy occurred in China in 1929 until 1931.
    In the case of Japan, it was until the 1930’s that ‘’total fertility
    rate did not drop below five births per women’’
    This resulted in rapid population growth after the Second
    World War, affecting the age structure of Asia and the
    developing world.
    The West, on the other hand, experienced baby boom the
    resulted from fishing from rising birth rates.
    A remarkable effect of the demographic transition, as Shigeyuki
    (2002) stated, is ‘’the enormous gap in life expectancy that
    emerged between Japan and the West on the one hand and the
    rest of the world on the other.’’
    By 1820, the life expectancy at birth of Japan and West was 12
    years greater than that of other countries. Although there was an
    improvement in life expectancy all through out the world in 1900-
    1950, the gap had reached 22 years. In 1990, the gap declined to
    14 years. These differences in time of transition affected the global
    population.
    India and China suffered from economic stagnation and decline
    during that time.
    There was a reverse in global population shares during the 20th
    century as Africa, Latin America, Asia, and Oceania had high
    levels of population growth rates. According to Shigeyuki (2002),
    population growth shows a more remarkable shift.
    The United Nations projected that population growth will be
    shifted toward Africa. It is estimated that by 2150, the regions’
    share to the world population will be almost 20 percent,
    relatively much greater than its share in 1820.
    There will be a projected increase of two billion if we combine
    the populations of Asia, Latin America, and Oceania.
    GLOBAL MIGRATION
    Human migration involves
    the movement of people
    from one place to another
    with intentions of settling,
    permanently or
    temporarily, at a new
    location.
    WHY DO PEOPLE MOVE?
    The nuances of the movements of people around the world can be
    seen through the categories of migrants- ‘’vagabond’’ and ‘’tourists’’
    (Bauman, 1998).
    Vagabonds are on the move ‘’because they have to be’’
    (Ritzer, 2015) – they are not faring well in their home countries and
    are forced to move in the hope that their circumstances will improve.
    Tourist on the other hand, are on the move because they want to be
    and because they can afford it.
    Refugees are vagabonds
    force to flee their home
    countries due to safety
    concerns. (Haddad, 2003)
    Asylum seekers are
    refugees who seek to
    remain in the country
    which they flee.
    Labor migration- those
    who migrate to find work.
    (Kritz 2008)
    Labor migration mainly
    involves the flow of less-
    skilled and unskilled workers,
    as well as illegal immigrants
    who live on the margins of
    the host society (Landler,
    2007).
    PUSH and PULL FACTORS
    OF LABOR MIGRATION

    Push - Lack of
    employment
    opportunities in home
    countries.

    Pull – work available


    elsewhere.
    Immigrant a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign
    country.
    Many countries face issues of illegal migration. A fence is being
    constructed on some countries to control the flow of people.
    It will lead illegal immigrants to adopt more dangerous methods to
    gain entry.
    A strong case can be made on
    the backlash against illegal
    immigrants (Economist, 2008
    ‘’Keep the Borders Open’’)
    In the North, immigrants
    constitute a younger work force.
    They also send remittances back
    to the family members in the
    country of origin, which
    improves the lives of the
    recipients, reduces poverty
    rates, and increases the level of
    education (Economist 2007)
    The term DISPORA has been increasingly used to describe migrant
    communities. According to Paul Gilroy (1993), conceptualization of
    the dispora as transnational process, which involves dialogue to both
    imagined and real locales.
    DISPORAZATION and GLOBALIZATION are closely interconnected and
    the expansion of the latter will lead to an increase in the former
    (Dufoix, 2007).

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