Week 1

Class Orientation and

short discussion
 House Rules
• We expect all our virtual students to be responsible for their behaviour when taking part in virtual lessons

• Positive Behavior
Like all classes, virtual students and teachers are expected to respect others. This means they need to:

a. Be friendly to other students.

b. Let other students join in activities with them.

c. Try the activities their teacher asks them to participate in.

d. Follow the teacher's instructions

e. Listen to others and give them an opportunity to speak

f. Make sure they are the only person on their camera

g. Ask for help from their teacher or tell an adult that they trust if they are unhappy.

We believe that the most effective way of achieving our aims is to praise and encourage positive behavior.
• Unacceptable Behavior

• Students must not show any of the following behavior

• Use of or threat of violence.

• Bullying.

• Deliberate disobedience.

• Discrimination.

• Use of swear words in any language.

• Use of telephones during lesson time

• Sending impolite messages.

• In addition to this students and parents must abide by the rules in the signed Code of
Conduct. These are:

1.    No recording

• Parents/Guardians are responsible for ensuring that no screenshots or recordings are taken
at any time during the virtual class. Failure to comply strictly with the no recording policy
may result in expulsion from British Council courses.
2.    Only learners on camera

• No person other than the learner must be visible on camera at any time during the class. It
also means that you are REQUIRED to turn on your camera. You will be marked absent if
you will not be seen on camera
• 3.    Contacting learners

• No person apart from the learner should attempt to contact any other learner in the class.

•  4.    Sharing personal data

• The sharing of any form of personal data, including telephone numbers, e-mail addresses
and all other forms of personal data or contact data is prohibited.
• 5.    Appropriate use

• Learners should abide by all policies covering the appropriate use of virtual learning platforms approved by the
college. Learners should only interact with other learners in the virtual classroom environment provided for this
purpose, and will not attempt, or aid any attempt by another person, to interact with other learners outside of the
virtual learning environment.

• 6.    Anti-bullying policy

• Learners must follow the behavior policy applicable for face-to-face classes, including our zero-tolerance stance
on bullying. 

• Failure to abide by this behavior policy may lead to the student’s suspension or exclusion from the course.

Taken from: https://www.britishcouncil.or.th/en/house-rules-%E2%80%93-behaviour-policy

Grading System

•Alam nyo na yun kaya no

need to explain sayang data
 COURSE DESCRIPTION
• Enables students to analyze growth and development of Philippine literature in English
from 1900 to the present along socio-historical events as shown in the representative work
COURSE EXPECTED OUTCOMES:

• 1. Experience various interpretation of text through critiquing.

• 2. Substantiate their own analysis/interpretation of various works through written

assignments and class discussion.

• 3. Identify the writer’s intent in conjunction with various literary criticism.

• 4. Identify social and cultural changes over time.

• 5. Analyze the reciprocal relationship between the individual and culture.

 COURSE OUTLINE AND TIMEFRAME
  COURSE CONTENT/SUBJECT CONTENT

Week 1 Introduction to Literature

Definition of Literature
Why should we value literature?
Why we need to study Philippine literature
Literature and History
Literary compositions that have influenced the world
General Types of literature

Week 2 Literature in Philippine Setting: Brief History

Of Philippine Literature in English and Time frames
Philippine Literature in English : History
Period of Re-orientation
Period of Imitation
Period of Self-discovery
Week 3-7 Short stories to be read:
Dead Stars – Paz Marquez Benitez
My Father Goes to Court – Carlos Bulosan
May Day Eve – Nick Joaquin
Convict twilight – Arturo Rotor
How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife – Manuel
Arguilla
The Soldier – Carlos Bulosan
The Wedding Dance – Amado Daguio

Week 8 Dramas to be read:

Educating Josefina – Lilia Villa
Week 9 MID TERM EXAM
Week 10-13 Essays to be read:
The Filipino Rebel – Maximo Ramos
A Borderless World – Patricia Evangelista
Quiapo – Paul Abellera
Where is the Patis – Carmen Guerrero Nakpil
I am a Filipino – Carlos Bulosan
The Filipino Woman - Carmen Guerrero Nakpil
Week 14-17 Poems and poets to be studied and read:
Life and some works of : Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Juan F. Salazar, Maximo M. Kalaw, M. de
Gracia Concepcion, Natividad Marquez, Procopio Solidum, Cornelio Faigao, Fernando Maramag
Life and some works of : Luis Dato, Trinidad Tarrosa-Subido, Abelardo Subido, Aurelio Alvero,
Angela Manalang Gloria and Jose Garcia Villa.
Moonlight On Manila Bay – Fernando Maramag
To a Lost One - Angela Manalang Gloria
But the Western Stars - Angela Manalang Gloria
When I see a barong-barong – Maximo Ramos
POEMS – Jose Garcia Villa
The March of Death
Week 18 FINAL TERM EXAM
 What is Literature?
Why do we need to study
literature?
What is Literature?

• Literature is concerned with the content and the form, in other words not only the story
but the way it is written.

• Literature, a body of written works. The name has traditionally been applied to those
imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and
the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. Literature may be classified
according to a variety of systems, including language, national origin, historical period,
genre, and subject matter. (brittanica.com)
• literature is a body of written works : the body of written works of a culture, language,
people or a period of time. (Hancock. 2006)

• Kafimbwa (2005) argues that the difficulty in defining literature lies in the fact that
literature exists in many forms. 
• A body of written works. The name is often applied to those imaginative works of poetry
and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the excellence of their
execution. (Encyclopedia Britannica, Micropedia)

• The collective writings proper to any language or nations. The term literature is site of
ideological conflict; it may refer to those canonical works in the genres, ie., traditional
works considered to be artistic or it may also refer to the total sum of writings, including
letters, memoirs, comics, historical writings, etc. (adapted from the Cambridge
Encyclopedia)
• An intimate experience of an author carefully expressed in concrete images through the
use of structure, imaginative style and luxurious metaphors. It is not practical or logical
communication, but an aesthetic experience. (Anderson Imbert, Enrique (1992) Teoría y
técnica del cuento, Barcelona, Editorial Ariel)
• Etymologically: the Latin word “litteratura” is derived from “littera” (letter), which is the
smallest element of alphabetical writing.

• The word text is related to “textile” and can be translated as “fabric”: just as single
threads form a fabric, so words and sentences form a meaningful and coherent text.

• Literature or text as cultural and historical phenomena and to investigate the conditions of
their production and reception.
Nature of Literature

• Literature is mimetic

• Literature is language in use

• Literature is a product of a particular culture and is more culture-bound than language.

• Literary competence is the ability to unlock the “grammar” of literature.

 Identify the title of the
film/movie and the year it
was released.
General Types of Literature
There are 3 Genres of Literature:

Poetry

Prose

Drama
 is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and
rhythmic qualities of language. e.g.

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Poetry
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

 Lyric Poetry;

Poetry has 3
different Narrative Poetry; and
kinds:

Descriptive and Didactic Poetry.

Lyric Poetry

• Is a comparatively short, non-narrative poem in which a single

speaker presents a state of mind or an emotional state.
• Elegy - a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for
the dead.
• Ode - a poem in which a person expresses a strong feeling
of love or respect for someone or something.
• Sonnet - a fourteen-line poem written in iambic
pentameter, which employ one of several rhyme schemes
and adhere to a tightly structured thematic organization.
• Psalms - this is a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and
containing a philosophy of life.
• Song - these have measures of twelve syllables and
slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or
banduria.
• Corridos - these have measures of eight syllables and
recited to a martial beat
• Folksong - these are short poems intended to be sung.
 O Captain! My Captain!
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor
will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed
and done;
Elegy From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object
won;
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
Ode
Ode on Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of
Early Childhood by William Wordsworth.
There was a time when meadow, grove, and stream,
The earth, and every common sight
To me did seem
Apparelled in celestial light,
The glory and the freshness of a dream.
It is not now as it hath been of yore;--
Turn wheresoe'er I may,
By night or day,
The things which I have seen I now can see no more.
Sonnet
Folk Songs
Magtanim ay di biro
Bahay Kubo
Sitsiritsit
Anak
Narrative Poetry

• a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters
as well; the entire story is usually written in metered verse.
 It has 3 kinds:
• Epics - A long narrative poem written in elevated style, in which heroes of great historical or
legendary importance perform valorous deeds. (e.g. Beowulf)
Metric Tale- is narrative which is written in verse and can be classified either as a ballad or a
metrical romance.
Ex: Evangeline," by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and Sir Walter Scott's "The Lady of the Lake.
• Ballad - a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of
unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the next as part
of the folk culture. (The Second Coming
• William Butler Yeats (1865-1939))
Prose

• written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.

• e.g. “The woods look lovely against the setting darkness and as I gaze into the
mysterious depths of the forest, I feel like lingering here longer. However, I have
pending
• appointments to keep and much distance to cover before I settle in for the night or
else I will be late for all of them.”

• 2 kinds of Prose:
• Fiction
• Non – Fiction
Fiction
Literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels, that
describes imaginary events and people.
2 kinds of Fiction literature:
• Realistic Fiction - is a genre consisting of stories that could have
actually occurred to people or animals in a believable setting.
• Fantastic Fiction -a type of fiction that ideologically and aesthetically
subordinates reality to imagination by depicting a world of marvels
that is contrasted to everyday reality and to accepted views of what is
credible.
Non Fiction
Prose writing that is based on facts, real events, and real people, such as biography or
history.
4 kinds of Non – fiction literature:
• Biographies - is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves more than just the
basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death, but also portrays a subject's
experience of these life events.
• Autobiographies - is a written account of the life of a person written by that person.
• Essays - is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument — but the
definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article, a pamphlet, and a short story.
• Articles - a piece of writing included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or other
publication.
• Humor - situations, speech, or writings that are thought to be humorous
Drama
• a piece of writing that tells a story and is performed on a stage.
• e.g Miranda Priestly: Do you know why I hired you? I always hire the same
girl- stylish, slender, of course... worships the magazine. But so often, they
turn out to be- I don't know disappointing and, um... stupid. So you, with
that impressive résumé and the big speech about your so-called work ethic-
I, um- I thought you would be different. I said to myself, go ahead. Take a
chance. Hire the smart, fat girl. I had hope. My God. I live on it. Anyway, you
ended up disappointing me more than, um- more than any of the other silly
girls.
• - Meryl Streep (The Devil Wears Prada, 2006)
• 
6 kinds of Drama:
-Comedy;
-Tragedy;
-Farce;
-Melodrama;
-Fantasy; and
-Musical.
 Comedies are lighter in tone than ordinary
writers, and provide a happy conclusion. The
intention of dramatists in comedies is to make
Comedy their audience laugh. Hence, they use quaint
circumstances, unusual characters and witty
remarks.
 Tragic dramas use darker
themes such as disaster, pain and

Tragedy death. Protagonists often have a

tragic flaw—a characteristic that
leads them to their downfall.
• 
Farce

• Generally, a farce is a nonsensical genre of drama, which often overacts or engages slapstick humor.
• It’s basically, what you call a “Parody”
• A farce contains many different elements to add to the comedy. Just a few different elements found
include: 
• Absurd plot - The plot isn’t supposed to mimic real life, it’s supposed to make fun of it. Therefore, you’ll see
funny violence, mistaken identities, and role reversals that go against societal expectations. However, farce
plots typically have a happy ending. 
• Fast action - Comedy is all about timing. This means the action and comedy will happen fast. Think about
any Three Stooges movie. 
• Unique character roles - The characters can make or break comedies. Therefore, the farce genre plays
them up. For example, you might have strange relatives or comedic servants to add fun to the situation. 
• Witty - You characters need to have wit. The fast comebacks and a sassy attitude add to the fun of a farce. 
 
Melodrama

Melodrama is an exaggerated drama, which is sensational and appeals

directly to the senses of audience. Just like the farce, the characters are
of single dimension and simple, or may be stereotyped.
 
Fantasy

• It is a complete fictional work where characters virtually display

supernatural skills. It is more appealing to children as fairies, angels,
superheroes, etc., are embedded in the plot. Use of magic, pseudo-
science, horror, and spooky themes through various kinds of technical
devices create a perfect world of fantasy. The modern version of
drama incorporates a great deal of special effects.
•