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    Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases

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    Alvin Omondi
    Cyanotic congenital heart diseases are defects present at birth that allow deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs or allow mixtures of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation, causing cyanosis in patients. Some common types include truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, and tricuspid atresia. While most cases have no known cause, genetic syndromes can increase risk. Clinical presentation includes cyanosis, heart failure, and respiratory issues. Diagnosis involves prenatal ultrasound, physical exam, imaging like echocardiogram and chest x-ray. Treatment depends on the specific defect but may include surgical repairs in the neonatal period or staged sur

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    Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases

    Uploaded by

    Alvin Omondi
    44 views25 pages
    Cyanotic congenital heart diseases are defects present at birth that allow deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs or allow mixtures of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation, causing cyanosis in patients. Some common types include truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, and tricuspid atresia. While most cases have no known cause, genetic syndromes can increase risk. Clinical presentation includes cyanosis, heart failure, and respiratory issues. Diagnosis involves prenatal ultrasound, physical exam, imaging like echocardiogram and chest x-ray. Treatment depends on the specific defect but may include surgical repairs in the neonatal period or staged sur

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    CYANOTIC_CONGENITAL_HEART[1]

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    Cyanotic congenital heart diseases are defects present at birth that allow deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs or allow mixtures of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation, causing cyanosis in patients. Some common types include truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, and tricuspid atresia. While most cases have no known cause, genetic syndromes can increase risk. Clinical presentation includes cyanosis, heart failure, and respiratory issues. Diagnosis involves prenatal ultrasound, physical exam, imaging like echocardiogram and chest x-ray. Treatment depends on the specific defect but may include surgical repairs in the neonatal period or staged sur

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views25 pages

    Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases

    Uploaded by

    Alvin Omondi
    Cyanotic congenital heart diseases are defects present at birth that allow deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs or allow mixtures of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to enter systemic circulation, causing cyanosis in patients. Some common types include truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, and tricuspid atresia. While most cases have no known cause, genetic syndromes can increase risk. Clinical presentation includes cyanosis, heart failure, and respiratory issues. Diagnosis involves prenatal ultrasound, physical exam, imaging like echocardiogram and chest x-ray. Treatment depends on the specific defect but may include surgical repairs in the neonatal period or staged sur

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    CYANOTIC CONGENITAL

    HEART
    DISEASES
    Definition
    • A cyanotic heart defect is any congenital heart defect that occurs due
    to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic
    circulation, or a mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood
    entering the systemic circulation

    • The patients present with cyanosis- hence Cyanotic heart disease.


    • Congenital heart diseases are defined as structural and functional
    problems of the heart that are present at birth.
    • The incidence of congenital heart disease world wide is estimated at
    8-12 per 1000 live births
    CHD include
    1) Truncus arteriosus- TA
    2) Transposition of the great artery-TGA
    3) Tetralogy of Fallot- TOF
    4) Tricuspid atresia
    5) Total anomalous pulmonary venous return-TAPV
    6) Left Hypoplastic Heart Syndrome
    7) Double Outlet Left Ventricle,
    8) Ebstein Anomaly
    9) Single ventricle
    Etiology
    • In most cases the cause of congenital heart disease is unknown
    (90%).
    • It is sporadic and some of the genetic risk factors have been identifies
    as trisomy 21, 13,18, di George and Turner’s syndrome.
    CLINICAL PRESENTATION
    • Cyanosis
    • Heart failure
    • Shock
    • Arrhythmias
    • This constitutes an emergency, especially in the neonatal period.
    CLINICAL PRESENTATION cont.
    • Heart murmur
    • Respiratory infections
    • Growth failure.
    • As the child grows older and if uncorrected they become fatigued on
    exertion and present with palpitations syncope edema ,dyspnea and
    chest pains
    Diagnosis

    • Prenatal diagnosis: by the 22nd week of gestation, the heart is fully


    formed.
    • Prenatal fetal echocardiography is routinely done to diagnose cardiac
    disease.
    After Birth
    • Careful history
    • Physical Examination-What to look for?
    • Cardiovascular Examination
    • Chest x-ray
    • Electrocardiography
    • Cardiac MRI
    Physical Examination
    • Tachycardia
    • Dyspnea
    • Oedema
    • Malnutrition
    • Murmur
    • Cyanosis
    •Deranged blood pressure
    Pulse oximetry
    •For daily diagnosis ad monitoring of critical congenital heart disease,
    pulse oximetry is an effective, non-invasive method.
    DIAGNOSIS
    • 2- Dimensional Echocardiogram:
    It is the mainstay of diagnosis
    Non invasive,
    Relatively cheap
    Has a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100%
    • 3- Dimensional echocardiography.
    • CXR
    TREATMENT- Depends on Type
    Truncus Arteriosus
    • Where there is only one artery arising from the heart and it branches
    to form the aorta and the pulmonary artery, its found in association
    with a Ventricular septal defect.
    TA Repair
    • VSD closure
    • Repositioning of the Aorta and building a conduit to the
    • Pulmonary trunk and placing it in the right ventricular outlet
    • Should be done before six months of life.
    TGA-Transposition of the Great Artery:
    • There are two great arteries, the aorta and the pulmonary.
    • In transposition of the great artery, the arteries are switched, with the
    aorta arising from the right ventricle and the pulmonary from the left
    ventricle.
    • This leads to the pumping of deoxygenated blood into the body
    system by the right ventricle into the aorta,while oxygenated blood is
    pumped back into the lungs.
    • This defect is associated with ventricular septal defect,pulmonary
    valve stenosis
    Treatment
    • TGA: an arterial switch repair (Jatene)
    • procedure is the surgical choice within two
    • weeks of life.
    TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
    • It has four components,
    1. Ventricular septal defect
    2. Pulmonary valve stenosis
    3. Right ventricular hypertrophy
    4. Overriding aorta where the aorta sits above the VSD.
    Treatment
    • Staged repair between 6 to 18 month gives best
    • Surgery may range from an initial blalock taussing shunt to improve
    pulmonary blood flow for children with poorly developed pulmonary
    arteries and to for allow for arterial growth, then a later full repair by
    18 months.
    • In children with well developed pulmonary arteries a complete repair
    can be done in one operation.

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