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  • Computer Aided Design and Manufacture: Graphics Programming

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    Hopkins
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    The document discusses computer graphics and geometric transformations. It describes how computer graphics allows images to be manipulated by changing scale, rotation, and translation. It also discusses different coordinate systems including Cartesian, polar, and cylindrical systems. The document outlines common geometric transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and mirror reflections and provides the equations to perform these transformations.

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    Original Title

    Presentation Lecture 2 (1)

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    The document discusses computer graphics and geometric transformations. It describes how computer graphics allows images to be manipulated by changing scale, rotation, and translation. It also discusses different coordinate systems including Cartesian, polar, and cylindrical systems. The document outlines common geometric transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and mirror reflections and provides the equations to perform these transformations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    63 views25 pages

    Computer Aided Design and Manufacture: Graphics Programming

    Uploaded by

    Hopkins
    The document discusses computer graphics and geometric transformations. It describes how computer graphics allows images to be manipulated by changing scale, rotation, and translation. It also discusses different coordinate systems including Cartesian, polar, and cylindrical systems. The document outlines common geometric transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and mirror reflections and provides the equations to perform these transformations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Computer Aided Design

    and Manufacture
    Graphics Programming
    Computer Graphics
     Computer graphics allows the designer to
    project an image onto a graphic screen for
    manipulation.
     change the scale of an image to see some details
    more clearly
     rotate an image to a certain angle to get a better
    view of an object
     translate an image to another location to display
    it in a different environment.
    Computer Graphics
     These are the basic functions of computer
    graphics and can be accomplished by using
    geometric transformation techniques.
    Cartesian Coordinate System

    A right-hand Cartesian coordinate system


    Polar Coordinate System

    A point in a polar coordinate system


    Coordinate System
     A cylindrical coordinate system having
    parameters l, α, and z is given as follows:
    x = l cos α
    y = l sin α
    z=z

     The standard way of representing the three


    coordinates is in the form of a vector as
    follows:  xi 
    Pi   yi 
     zi 
    Coordinate System
     The two basic tasks required to display an
    image of an object on a graphics device are:

     specifying the location of all the points on the


    object in space, and

     determining which locations on the display


    monitor are to be occupied by those points.
    Types of Coordinate Systems
     Three such coordinate systems that define
    the location of a point in three-dimensional
    space are:

     the world coordinate system,

     model coordinate system, and

     viewing coordinate system.


    The relationship among
    coordinate systems.
    Types of projection

    (a) perspective and (b) parallel


    Viewpoint and Viewsite
    Transformations between
    coordinate systems
    Geometric Transformation
     There are two types of geometric
    transformation:
     Transforming the object
     Transforming the object moves the object within the
    existing coordinate system

     Transforming the coordinate system


     Transforming the coordinate system moves the
    coordinate system and then the object is viewed from
    the new coordinate frame.
    Translation of an object
    Equation

    Homogenous
    Transformation
    Matrix

    Object under
    transformation in
    in 3D space
    Rotation about the x axis
    Rotation
    Object under Rotation onto yz plane
    Rotation

    Equation

    Object under
    Rotation onto yz
    plane

    Homogenous
    Transformation
    Matrix
    Rotations

    Rot(x,theta)

    Rot(
    Example
    Mapping between two
    coordinate system
    Equation

    Object under
    Rotation onto yz
    plane

    Mapping
    Transformation
    Matrix
    Mapping example
     Corresponding to the viewpoint (-10, 0,1), the viewsite (0, 0, 1)
    and the up vector (0, 0, 1), the viewing coordinate system is
    drawn. From the relative position between the viewing
    coordinate system and the world coordinate system: (1)
    calculate the mapping transformation Tw-v (2) Calculate the
    coordinates of the point in viewing coordinates if it has world
    coordinates of (5, 0, 1).
    Mapping example
     Corresponding to the viewpoint (-10, 0,1), the viewsite (0, 0, 1)
    and the up vector (0, 0, 1), the viewing coordinate system is
    drawn. From the relative position between the viewing
    coordinate system and the world coordinate system: (1)
    calculate the mapping transformation Tw-v (2) Calculate the
    coordinates of the point in viewing coordinates if it has world
    coordinates of (5, 0, 1).
    Scaling
     To scale an object up or down sx times in x, sy times
    in y, and sz times in the z direction, the following
    transformation matrix is applied:

     A viewport or window can be scaled without changing


    the coordinates of the object.
    Scaling
     While scaling is normally from the origin, the object
    can be scaled from a point p.

     First, a translational,Trans(-Xp, -Yp, -Zp) is applied to


    the point for the object to move to the origin, then
    the scaling matrix in the above equation is applied,
    and finally Trans(Xp,Yp,Zp) is applied to move the
    object back to its original position.
    Mirror reflection
     An xy the mirror reflection can be accomplished with
    the following matrix. Only the sign of the z
    coordinate has to be reversed

     The transformation matrix for other mirror


    reflections, with the yz plane or the xz plane as a
    mirror, can be derived in the same way.

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