Computer Hardware

(Input and Output Devices)

1
 ESSENTAIL COMPONENTS FOR
COMPUTERS
• At the highest level, two things are required
for computing:

– Hardware (is a part which you can touch)

– Software (is a set of instruction through which you
use hardware)

2
• All computers have following essential
hardware components/subsystems:
– Input (through which you give instruction to
computer)
– Processor (is the main engine, it’s the area of
computer which process that input)
– Memory (during calculations processor keep some
files in memory)
– Storage
– Output (through which computer communicate
with us)
– The Bus (through bus in any computer all others
components communicate with each other)
3
4
 Components of a Computer
What are common computer hardware components?

PC camera system unit

speaker
printer
speaker

monitor

keyboard
modem
scanner
mouse

p. 1.5 Fig. 1-3

microphone 5
digital camera
INPUT UNIT

6
 INPUT UNIT
• Data and Instructions must enter the
computer system, this task is performed by
the input unit.

• In short, following functions are performed by

an input unit:
– It accepts (or reads) the instructions and
data from the outside world.
– It converts these instruction & data in
computer acceptable form.
7
 INPUT DEVICES
• The following input devices are used.
– Keyboard
– Mouse
– Digital Cameras
– Microphone
– Scanner
– Joystick
– Pens
– Touch Screens
– Bar Code Readers
8
 THE KEYBOARD
• The keyboard was one of the first peripherals to
be used with computers, and it is still the primary
input device for entering text and numbers.

– Alphanumeric Keys (QWERTY)

– Modifier Keys (SHIFT, ALT and CONTROL)
– Numeric Keypad
– Function Keys (F1, F2 and so on…)
– Special Purpose Keys(DELETE, INSERT, END etc)
– Cursor Movement Keys

9
 KEYBOARD
(Standard Keyboard Layout)
• A standard computer keyboard has about 100
keys.

• Most keyboards use the QWERTY layout,

named for the first six keys in the top row of
letters.

10
 ACADEMIC RECORDS
Password * * * * *
ENTER Invalid Password

11
• An ergonomic keyboard has a design that
reduces the chance of wrist and hand injuries.

• Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency,

and safety into the design of workplace.

12
• What are alternative forms for command?
• Many programs allow you to use a button, a
menu or a function key to obtain some result.
Command Button Menu Function Key(s)

Copy File|Copy CTRL+C

Open File|Open CTRL+F12

Print File|Print CTRL+SHIFT+F12

13
 Pointing Devices
What is a pointing device?

• An input device that

allows you to control a
pointer on the screen I-beam

• A pointer is a small
symbol on the screen
• The pointer takes several block arrow
shapes

p. 5.7 pointing hand

14
 Mouse Techniques
Using the mouse involves five techniques:
1. Pointing; Move the mouse to move the on-screen
pointer.
2. Clicking; Press and release the left mouse button
once.
3. Double-clicking; Press and release the left mouse
button twice.
4. Dragging; Hold down the left mouse button as you
move the pointer.
5. Right-clicking; Press and release the right mouse
button.

15
 VARIANTS OF THE MOUSE

• Trackballs

• Touchpads

• Integrated Pointed Stick

16
 Trackballs
• A trackball is like a mouse turned upside-down.
• Use your thumb to move the exposed ball and
your fingers to press the buttons.

Many styles of
trackball are
available.

17
 Touchpads
• A touchpad is a touch-sensitive pad that
provides the same functionality as a mouse.

• To use a touchpad, you glide your finger across

its surface.

• Touchpad provide a set of buttons that function

like mouse buttons.

18
19
 Mouse-Integrated Pointing Stick

• An integrated pointing stick is a small joystick

built into the keyboard.

• To use an integrated pointing device, you move

the joystick.

• These devices provide a set of buttons that

function like mouse buttons.

20
21
 Other Pointing Devices
What is a stylus?
 Looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses pressure to write text and draw
lines
 Originally called a pen or electronic pen stylus or pen

• Used in professional
graphical applications
• A graphics tablet, also called
a digitizer or digitizing
tablet, is a flat rectangular,
electronic plastic board
used with a stylus

22
 The user can point, tap,
draw and write on the
computer’s screen with a
pen.
23
 Touch Screens
• Touch-screen systems accept input directly
through the monitor.
• Touch screens use sensors to detect the
touch of a finger. They are useful where
environmental conditions prohibit the use
of a keyboard or mouse.
• Touch-screen systems are useful for
selecting options from menus.

24
25
 Game Controllers
• Video games and computer games use a game
controller as the input device.
• The primary types of game controllers are
joysticks.
• Other popular types of game controllers are:
• Gamepads
• Light guns
• Dance pads
• Motion-sensing controllers
26
 JOYSTICK
joystick

wheel

pedal

27
Other Game Controllers

28
 BAR CODE READERS
(Optical Input Devices)
• Bar code readers can read bar codes—patterns
of printed bars.

• The reader emit light, which reflects off the bar

code and into a detector in the reader. The
detector translates the code into numbers.

• Flatbed bar code readers are commonly found

in supermarkets.

29
 Bar code readers
commonly track sales in
retail stores

30
 Image Scanners
• Image scanners digitize printed images for
storage and manipulation in a computer.

• A scanner shines light onto the image and

interprets the reflection.

• Optical character recognition (OCR) software

translates scanned text into editable electronic
documents.
31
 Document
being
scanned

Converts
diode signals
to numbers

To computer

Light source, lens

and diode array
32
 Scanners and Reading Devices
• What are various types of scanners?

Pen or
handheld

Flatbed

Drum

33
Sheet-fed
 Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a magnetic Ink character recognition reader (MICR)?

 Can read text printed with magnetized ink

 The banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR for check
processing

check bank account check

34
number number number amount
 Voice Input
What is voice input?
• The process of entering data by speaking into a microphone that is attached to
the sound card on the computer
• Voice recognition, also called speech recognition, is the computer’s capability
of distinguishing spoken words

speaker-dependent speaker-independent
speaker-dependent speaker-independent
software software
software software
The computer makes a Has a built-in set of
discrete
profile
You You
of yourspeech
havehave
voice
to speak
to train the
vs.
vs.
word patterns
continuous
You do notspeech
have to
computerslowly and
to recognize train
Allowsa computer
you to to
separate
your voiceeach recognize
speak your voice
in a flowing
word with a short conversational
pause tone
35
Analog Sound Signals Digital Audio Output
[electrical signals] (ex.
11100011) to
computer

Analog Signals are Digitized 36

 Voice Input
What is audio input?
• The process of entering any sound into the computer
such a s speech, music, and sound effects
• Requires a sound card
• Input sound via a device such as a microphone, each
of which plugs into a port on sound card.
• Windows stores audio files as waveforms
– Called WAV files with a .wav extension

p. 5.16
37
Microphones & Speech Recognition
• Microphones can accept auditory input. A
microphone requires a sound card in the PC.

• A sound card can digitize analog sound signals, and

convert digital sound signals to analog form.

• With speech recognition software, you can use your

microphone to dictate text, navigate programs, and
choose commands.

38
 Video Input
What is video input?
• The process of entering a full-motion recoding into a computer and storing it
on a storage medium
digitalvideo
digital video
video-in
video-in camera
camera
plug
plug

analogvideo
analog video
camera
camera 39
 Video Input
What is a PC video camera?
• A DVD camera that allows the home user to record, edit, and
capture video and still images and to make video telephone calls
on the Internet
• Also called a PC camera
PC video
camera

40
 Video Input
What is a Web cam?
• A video camera whose output displays on a Web page.

41
42
 Video Input
What is videoconferencing?
• A meeting between two or more geographically separated
people who use a network on the Internet to transmit audio
an video data

43
 Biometric Input
• A biometrics authenticate a person’s identity
by verifying a personal characteristics.

44
45