ITI01 – INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

INFRUSTRUCTURE
LESSON 2

• COMPUTER COMPONENTS
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM:

A. Users
B. Data
C. Hardware
D. Software
A. USERS

• are people who write computer programs or interact with the computer. They are also
known as skinware, liveware, humanware or peopleware. Programmers, data entry
operators, system analyst and computer hardware engineers fall into this category.
B. DATA

• are isolated values or raw facts , which by themselves have no much significance.
• data is provided as input to the computer, which is processed to generate some
meaningful information.
 INFORMATION

• is the processed data on which decisions and actions are based.

• is organized or classified data so that it has some meaningful values to the receiver.
C. HARDWARE

• consists of the mechanical parts that make up the computer as a machine.

• The hardware consists of physical devices of the computer.
HARDWARE ACCORDING TO WHICH OPERATION
IT PERFORMS
• Input Hardware
• Output Hardware
• Processing and Memory Hardware
• Communication Hardware
INPUT HARDWARE

• Consist of devices that allow people to put data into the computer in a form that the
computer can use.
EXAMPLE OF INPUT HARDWARE
KEYBOARD

• A keyboard is used mainly for typing text into your computer. Like the keyboard on a
typewriter, it has keys for letters and numbers, but it also has special keys:
KEYS OF KEYBOARD

• Typing Keys
• Numeric Keypad
• Function Keys
• Control keys
• Special Purpose Keys
TYPING KEYS

• These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digits keys (0-9) which generally give same
layout as that of typewriters.
NUMERIC KEYPAD

• It is used to enter numeric data or cursor movement.

FUNCTION KEYS

• The twelve functions keys are present on the keyboard. These are arranged in a row
along the top of the keyboard. Each function key has unique meaning and is used for
some specific purpose.
CONTROL KEYS

• These keys provide cursor and screen control. It includes four directional arrow key.
Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up, Page Down, Control(Ctrl),
Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc).
SPECIAL PURPOSE KEYS

• Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift, Caps Lock, Num
Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.
MOUSE

• A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen.
Although mice come in many shapes, the typical mouse does look a bit like an actual
mouse. It's small, oblong, and connected to the system unit by a long wire that resembles
a tail. Some newer mice are wireless.
JOYSTICK

• Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move cursor position on a monitor
screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. The lower
spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions.
JOYSTICK
LIGHT PEN

• Light pen is a pointing device, which is similar to a pen. It is used to select a displayed
menu item or draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a photocell and an
optical system placed in a small tube.
LIGHT PEN
TRACK BALL

• Track ball is an input device that is mostly used in notebook or laptop computer, instead
of a mouse. This is a ball, which is half inserted and by moving fingers on ball, pointer can
be moved.
• Since the whole device is not moved, a track ball requires less space than a mouse. A
track ball comes in various shapes like a ball, a button and a square.
TRACK BALL
SCANNER

• Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when
some information is available on a paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disc of the
computer for further manipulation.
SCANNER
DIGITIZER

• Digitizer is an input device, which converts analog information into a digital form.
Digitizer can convert a signal from the television camera into a series of numbers that
could be stored in a computer. They can be used by the computer to create a picture of
whatever the camera had been pointed at.
CONT.

• Digitizer is also known as Tablet or

Graphics Tablet because it converts
graphics and pictorial data into binary
inputs. A graphic tablet as digitizer is
used for doing fine works of drawing and
images manipulation applications.
MICROPHONE

• Microphone is an input device to input

sound that is then stored in digital form.
The microphone is used for various
applications like adding sound to a
multimedia presentation or for mixing
music.
MAGNETIC INK CARD READER (MICR)

• MICR input device is generally used in banks because of a large number of cheques to be
processed everyday. The bank's code number and cheque number are printed on the
cheques with a special type of ink that contains particles of magnetic material that are
machine readable.
MAGNETIC INK CARD READER (MICR)
OPTICAL CHARACTER READER (OCR)

• OCR is an input device used to read a printed text. OCR scans text optically character
by character, converts them into a machine readable code and stores the text on the
system memory.
OPTICAL CHARACTER READER (OCR)
BAR CODE READERS

• Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in form of light and
dark lines). Bar coded data is generally used in labelling goods, numbering the books, etc.
It may be a hand-held scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.
BAR CODE READERS
OPTICAL MARK READER (OMR)

• OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made by pen
or pencil. It is used where one out of a few alternatives is to be selected and marked. It is
specially used for checking the answer sheets of examinations having multiple choice
questions.
OPTICAL MARK READER (OMR)
OUTPUT HARDWARE

• Consists of devices that translate information processed by the computer into a form
that humans can understand.
EXAMPLE OF OUTPUT HARDWARES
MONITOR

• A monitor displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the
monitor that displays the information is called the screen. Like a television screen, a
computer screen can show still or moving pictures.
THREE TYPES OF COMPUTER MONITORS
CRT MONITORS

• Cathode Ray Tube.

• Are all old model monitors. main disadvantages are heavy weight, occupy more place, high
power consumption, high radiation and supports low resolution.
CRT MONITORS
LCD MONITORS

• Liquid Crystal Display.

• The main advantage of LCDs are light weight, occupy less place, 12v power consumption,
low radiation and supports high resolutions.
LCD MONITORS
LED MONITORS

• Light Emitting Diode.

• actually there are no differences between LCD and LED monitors, but better picture
quality in LED monitors.
LED MONITORS
PROCESSING HARDWARE

• CPU